Structure and Properties of Reactively Extruded Opaque Post-Consumer Recycled PET
The recyclability of opaque PET, which contains TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, has not been as well-studied as that of transparent PET. The objective of this work is to recycle post-consumer opaque PET through reactive extrusion with Joncryl. The effect of the reactive extrusion process...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/20/3531 |
| _version_ | 1797513274344865792 |
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| author | María Virginia Candal Maryam Safari Mercedes Fernández Itziar Otaegi Agurtzane Múgica Manuela Zubitur Gonzalo Gerrica-echevarria Víctor Sebastián Silvia Irusta David Loaeza Maria Lluisa Maspoch Orlando O. Santana Alejandro J. Müller |
| author_facet | María Virginia Candal Maryam Safari Mercedes Fernández Itziar Otaegi Agurtzane Múgica Manuela Zubitur Gonzalo Gerrica-echevarria Víctor Sebastián Silvia Irusta David Loaeza Maria Lluisa Maspoch Orlando O. Santana Alejandro J. Müller |
| author_sort | María Virginia Candal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The recyclability of opaque PET, which contains TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, has not been as well-studied as that of transparent PET. The objective of this work is to recycle post-consumer opaque PET through reactive extrusion with Joncryl. The effect of the reactive extrusion process on the molecular structure and on the thermal/mechanical/rheological properties of recycling post-consumer opaque PET (r-PET) has been analyzed. A 1% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> Joncryl addition caused a moderate increase in the molecular weight. A moderate increase in chain length could not explain a decrease in the overall crystallization rate. This result is probably due to the presence of branches interrupting the crystallizable sequences in reactive extruded r-PET (REX-r-PET). A rheological investigation performed by SAOS/LAOS/elongational studies detected important structural modifications in REX-r-PET with respect to linear r-PET or a reference virgin PET. REX-r-PET is characterized by a slow relaxation process with enlarged elastic behaviors that are characteristic of a long-chain branched material. The mechanical properties of REX-r-PET increased because of the addition of the chain extender without a significant loss of elongation at the break. The reactive extrusion process is a suitable way to recycle opaque PET into a material with enhanced rheological properties (thanks to the production of a chain extension and long-chain branches) with mechanical properties that are comparable to those of a typical virgin PET sample. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:14:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7e077a4ad4a740f7a66b9ecb947951b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:14:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e077a4ad4a740f7a66b9ecb947951b02023-11-22T19:47:13ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-10-011320353110.3390/polym13203531Structure and Properties of Reactively Extruded Opaque Post-Consumer Recycled PETMaría Virginia Candal0Maryam Safari1Mercedes Fernández2Itziar Otaegi3Agurtzane Múgica4Manuela Zubitur5Gonzalo Gerrica-echevarria6Víctor Sebastián7Silvia Irusta8David Loaeza9Maria Lluisa Maspoch10Orlando O. Santana11Alejandro J. Müller12POLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainPOLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainPOLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainPOLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainPOLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainChemical and Environmental Engineering Department, Polytechnic School, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainPOLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering & Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón INMA, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering & Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón INMA, University of Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainCentre Català del Plàstic—Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech (EEBE-UPC)-ePLASCOM Research Group, Av. d’Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, SpainCentre Català del Plàstic—Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech (EEBE-UPC)-ePLASCOM Research Group, Av. d’Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, SpainCentre Català del Plàstic—Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Tech (EEBE-UPC)-ePLASCOM Research Group, Av. d’Eduard Maristany, 16, 08019 Barcelona, SpainPOLYMAT and Department of Polymers and Advanced Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, SpainThe recyclability of opaque PET, which contains TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles, has not been as well-studied as that of transparent PET. The objective of this work is to recycle post-consumer opaque PET through reactive extrusion with Joncryl. The effect of the reactive extrusion process on the molecular structure and on the thermal/mechanical/rheological properties of recycling post-consumer opaque PET (r-PET) has been analyzed. A 1% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i> Joncryl addition caused a moderate increase in the molecular weight. A moderate increase in chain length could not explain a decrease in the overall crystallization rate. This result is probably due to the presence of branches interrupting the crystallizable sequences in reactive extruded r-PET (REX-r-PET). A rheological investigation performed by SAOS/LAOS/elongational studies detected important structural modifications in REX-r-PET with respect to linear r-PET or a reference virgin PET. REX-r-PET is characterized by a slow relaxation process with enlarged elastic behaviors that are characteristic of a long-chain branched material. The mechanical properties of REX-r-PET increased because of the addition of the chain extender without a significant loss of elongation at the break. The reactive extrusion process is a suitable way to recycle opaque PET into a material with enhanced rheological properties (thanks to the production of a chain extension and long-chain branches) with mechanical properties that are comparable to those of a typical virgin PET sample.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/20/3531recycled opaque PETreactive extrusionchain extensionlong-chain branching |
| spellingShingle | María Virginia Candal Maryam Safari Mercedes Fernández Itziar Otaegi Agurtzane Múgica Manuela Zubitur Gonzalo Gerrica-echevarria Víctor Sebastián Silvia Irusta David Loaeza Maria Lluisa Maspoch Orlando O. Santana Alejandro J. Müller Structure and Properties of Reactively Extruded Opaque Post-Consumer Recycled PET Polymers recycled opaque PET reactive extrusion chain extension long-chain branching |
| title | Structure and Properties of Reactively Extruded Opaque Post-Consumer Recycled PET |
| title_full | Structure and Properties of Reactively Extruded Opaque Post-Consumer Recycled PET |
| title_fullStr | Structure and Properties of Reactively Extruded Opaque Post-Consumer Recycled PET |
| title_full_unstemmed | Structure and Properties of Reactively Extruded Opaque Post-Consumer Recycled PET |
| title_short | Structure and Properties of Reactively Extruded Opaque Post-Consumer Recycled PET |
| title_sort | structure and properties of reactively extruded opaque post consumer recycled pet |
| topic | recycled opaque PET reactive extrusion chain extension long-chain branching |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/20/3531 |
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