Effect of Triazole Fungicides Titul Duo and Vintage on the Development of Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) Symbiotic Nodules
Triazole fungicides are widely used in agricultural production for plant protection, including pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.). The use of fungicides can negatively affect the legume-<i>Rhizobium</i> symbiosis. In this study, the effects of triazole fungicides Vintage and Titul...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/10/8646 |
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| author | Artemii P. Gorshkov Pyotr G. Kusakin Yaroslav G. Borisov Anna V. Tsyganova Viktor E. Tsyganov |
| author_facet | Artemii P. Gorshkov Pyotr G. Kusakin Yaroslav G. Borisov Anna V. Tsyganova Viktor E. Tsyganov |
| author_sort | Artemii P. Gorshkov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Triazole fungicides are widely used in agricultural production for plant protection, including pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.). The use of fungicides can negatively affect the legume-<i>Rhizobium</i> symbiosis. In this study, the effects of triazole fungicides Vintage and Titul Duo on nodule formation and, in particular, on nodule morphology, were studied. Both fungicides at the highest concentration decreased the nodule number and dry weight of the roots 20 days after inoculation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the following ultrastructural changes in nodules: modifications in the cell walls (their clearing and thinning), thickening of the infection thread walls with the formation of outgrowths, accumulation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrates in bacteroids, expansion of the peribacteroid space, and fusion of symbiosomes. Fungicides Vintage and Titul Duo negatively affect the composition of cell walls, leading to a decrease in the activity of synthesis of cellulose microfibrils and an increase in the number of matrix polysaccharides of cell walls. The results obtained coincide well with the data of transcriptomic analysis, which revealed an increase in the expression levels of genes that control cell wall modification and defense reactions. The data obtained indicate the need for further research on the effects of pesticides on the legume-<i>Rhizobium</i> symbiosis in order to optimize their use. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:40:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7e083181c8e24e778fc0dc9e9bd2cc69 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T03:40:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e083181c8e24e778fc0dc9e9bd2cc692023-11-18T01:39:42ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-05-012410864610.3390/ijms24108646Effect of Triazole Fungicides Titul Duo and Vintage on the Development of Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) Symbiotic NodulesArtemii P. Gorshkov0Pyotr G. Kusakin1Yaroslav G. Borisov2Anna V. Tsyganova3Viktor E. Tsyganov4Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, RussiaResearch Resource Centre “Molecular and Cell Technologies”, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, RussiaLaboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, All-Russia Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, Saint Petersburg 196608, RussiaTriazole fungicides are widely used in agricultural production for plant protection, including pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.). The use of fungicides can negatively affect the legume-<i>Rhizobium</i> symbiosis. In this study, the effects of triazole fungicides Vintage and Titul Duo on nodule formation and, in particular, on nodule morphology, were studied. Both fungicides at the highest concentration decreased the nodule number and dry weight of the roots 20 days after inoculation. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the following ultrastructural changes in nodules: modifications in the cell walls (their clearing and thinning), thickening of the infection thread walls with the formation of outgrowths, accumulation of poly-β-hydroxybutyrates in bacteroids, expansion of the peribacteroid space, and fusion of symbiosomes. Fungicides Vintage and Titul Duo negatively affect the composition of cell walls, leading to a decrease in the activity of synthesis of cellulose microfibrils and an increase in the number of matrix polysaccharides of cell walls. The results obtained coincide well with the data of transcriptomic analysis, which revealed an increase in the expression levels of genes that control cell wall modification and defense reactions. The data obtained indicate the need for further research on the effects of pesticides on the legume-<i>Rhizobium</i> symbiosis in order to optimize their use.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/10/8646<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.symbiotic nodulesymbiosomebacteroidcell wallfungicide |
| spellingShingle | Artemii P. Gorshkov Pyotr G. Kusakin Yaroslav G. Borisov Anna V. Tsyganova Viktor E. Tsyganov Effect of Triazole Fungicides Titul Duo and Vintage on the Development of Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) Symbiotic Nodules International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. symbiotic nodule symbiosome bacteroid cell wall fungicide |
| title | Effect of Triazole Fungicides Titul Duo and Vintage on the Development of Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) Symbiotic Nodules |
| title_full | Effect of Triazole Fungicides Titul Duo and Vintage on the Development of Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) Symbiotic Nodules |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Triazole Fungicides Titul Duo and Vintage on the Development of Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) Symbiotic Nodules |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Triazole Fungicides Titul Duo and Vintage on the Development of Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) Symbiotic Nodules |
| title_short | Effect of Triazole Fungicides Titul Duo and Vintage on the Development of Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i> L.) Symbiotic Nodules |
| title_sort | effect of triazole fungicides titul duo and vintage on the development of pea i pisum sativum i l symbiotic nodules |
| topic | <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. symbiotic nodule symbiosome bacteroid cell wall fungicide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/10/8646 |
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