Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants
Ecdysteroids (ECs) are steroid hormones originally found in the animal kingdom where they function as insect molting hormones. Interestingly, a relatively high number of these substances can also be formed in plant cells. Moreover, ECs have certain regulatory effects on plant physiology, but their r...
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| author | Anna Janeczko Jana Oklestkova Danuše Tarkowská Barbara Drygaś |
| author_facet | Anna Janeczko Jana Oklestkova Danuše Tarkowská Barbara Drygaś |
| author_sort | Anna Janeczko |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ecdysteroids (ECs) are steroid hormones originally found in the animal kingdom where they function as insect molting hormones. Interestingly, a relatively high number of these substances can also be formed in plant cells. Moreover, ECs have certain regulatory effects on plant physiology, but their role in plants still requires further study. One of the main aims of the present study was to verify a hypothesis that fenarimol, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of ECs in the animal kingdom, also affects the content of endogenous ECs in plants using winter wheat <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. as a model plant. The levels of endogenous ECs in winter wheat, including the estimation of their changes during a course of different temperature treatments, have been determined using a sensitive analytical method based on UHPLC-MS/MS. Under our experimental conditions, four substances of EC character were detected in the tissue of interest in amounts ranging from less than 1 to over 200 pg·g<sup>−1</sup> FW: 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, turkesterone, and isovitexirone. Among them, turkesterone was observed to be the most abundant EC and accumulated mainly in the crowns and leaves of wheat. Importantly, the level of ECs was observed to be dependent on the age of the plants, as well as on growth conditions (especially temperature). Fenarimol, an inhibitor of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, was shown to significantly decrease the level of naturally occurring ECs in experimental plants, which may indicate its potential use in studies related to the biosynthesis and physiological function of these substances in plants. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
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| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e0d61d622a541ba8a470bbbec45b51b2023-11-21T10:05:12ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-03-01226285510.3390/ijms22062855Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in PlantsAnna Janeczko0Jana Oklestkova1Danuše Tarkowská2Barbara Drygaś3Polish Academy of Sciences, The Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Niezapominajek 21, 30-239 Kraków, PolandLaboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Growth Regulators, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Experimental Botany & Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech RepublicDepartment of Bioenergetics, Food Analysis and Microbiology, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, College of Natural Science, Rzeszow University, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszow, PolandEcdysteroids (ECs) are steroid hormones originally found in the animal kingdom where they function as insect molting hormones. Interestingly, a relatively high number of these substances can also be formed in plant cells. Moreover, ECs have certain regulatory effects on plant physiology, but their role in plants still requires further study. One of the main aims of the present study was to verify a hypothesis that fenarimol, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of ECs in the animal kingdom, also affects the content of endogenous ECs in plants using winter wheat <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. as a model plant. The levels of endogenous ECs in winter wheat, including the estimation of their changes during a course of different temperature treatments, have been determined using a sensitive analytical method based on UHPLC-MS/MS. Under our experimental conditions, four substances of EC character were detected in the tissue of interest in amounts ranging from less than 1 to over 200 pg·g<sup>−1</sup> FW: 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, turkesterone, and isovitexirone. Among them, turkesterone was observed to be the most abundant EC and accumulated mainly in the crowns and leaves of wheat. Importantly, the level of ECs was observed to be dependent on the age of the plants, as well as on growth conditions (especially temperature). Fenarimol, an inhibitor of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, was shown to significantly decrease the level of naturally occurring ECs in experimental plants, which may indicate its potential use in studies related to the biosynthesis and physiological function of these substances in plants.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/6/2855cold acclimationdeacclimationecdysteroidsfenarimolplant developmentvernalization |
| spellingShingle | Anna Janeczko Jana Oklestkova Danuše Tarkowská Barbara Drygaś Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants International Journal of Molecular Sciences cold acclimation deacclimation ecdysteroids fenarimol plant development vernalization |
| title | Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants |
| title_full | Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants |
| title_fullStr | Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants |
| title_short | Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants |
| title_sort | naturally occurring ecdysteroids in i triticum aestivum i l and evaluation of fenarimol as a potential inhibitor of their biosynthesis in plants |
| topic | cold acclimation deacclimation ecdysteroids fenarimol plant development vernalization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/6/2855 |
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