The Impact of Sex, Circadian Disruption, and the Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> Genotype on Alcohol Drinking in Mice
Shift work is associated with increased alcohol drinking, more so in males than females, and is thought to be a coping mechanism for disrupted sleep cycles. However, little is presently known about the causal influence of circadian rhythm disruptions on sex differences in alcohol consumption. In thi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/4/701 |
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| author | Abanoub Aziz Rizk Bryan W. Jenkins Yasmine Al-Sabagh Shahnaza Hamidullah Cristine J. Reitz Mina Rasouli Tami A. Martino Jibran Y. Khokhar |
| author_facet | Abanoub Aziz Rizk Bryan W. Jenkins Yasmine Al-Sabagh Shahnaza Hamidullah Cristine J. Reitz Mina Rasouli Tami A. Martino Jibran Y. Khokhar |
| author_sort | Abanoub Aziz Rizk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Shift work is associated with increased alcohol drinking, more so in males than females, and is thought to be a coping mechanism for disrupted sleep cycles. However, little is presently known about the causal influence of circadian rhythm disruptions on sex differences in alcohol consumption. In this study, we disrupted circadian rhythms in female and male mice using both environmental (i.e., shifting diurnal cycles) and genetic (i.e., Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> mutation) manipulations, and measured changes in alcohol consumption and preference using a two-bottle choice paradigm. Alcohol consumption and preference, as well as food and water consumption, total caloric intake, and weight were assessed in adult female and male Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> mutant mice or wild-type (WT) litter-mates, housed under a 12-hour:12-hour light:dark (L:D) cycle or a shortened 10-hour:10-hour L:D cycle. Female WT mice (under both light cycles) increased their alcohol consumption and preference over time, a pattern not observed in male WT mice. Compared to WT mice, Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> mice displayed increased alcohol consumption and preference. Sex differences were not apparent in Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> mice, with or without shifting diurnal cycles. In conclusion, sex differences in alcohol consumption patterns are evident and increase with prolonged access to alcohol. Disrupting circadian rhythms by mutating the <i>Clock</i> gene greatly increases alcohol consumption and abolishes sex differences present in WT animals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:35:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7e1724a336bb44a18302e4c646f19555 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:35:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e1724a336bb44a18302e4c646f195552023-12-01T20:57:37ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252022-04-0113470110.3390/genes13040701The Impact of Sex, Circadian Disruption, and the Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> Genotype on Alcohol Drinking in MiceAbanoub Aziz Rizk0Bryan W. Jenkins1Yasmine Al-Sabagh2Shahnaza Hamidullah3Cristine J. Reitz4Mina Rasouli5Tami A. Martino6Jibran Y. Khokhar7Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaShift work is associated with increased alcohol drinking, more so in males than females, and is thought to be a coping mechanism for disrupted sleep cycles. However, little is presently known about the causal influence of circadian rhythm disruptions on sex differences in alcohol consumption. In this study, we disrupted circadian rhythms in female and male mice using both environmental (i.e., shifting diurnal cycles) and genetic (i.e., Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> mutation) manipulations, and measured changes in alcohol consumption and preference using a two-bottle choice paradigm. Alcohol consumption and preference, as well as food and water consumption, total caloric intake, and weight were assessed in adult female and male Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> mutant mice or wild-type (WT) litter-mates, housed under a 12-hour:12-hour light:dark (L:D) cycle or a shortened 10-hour:10-hour L:D cycle. Female WT mice (under both light cycles) increased their alcohol consumption and preference over time, a pattern not observed in male WT mice. Compared to WT mice, Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> mice displayed increased alcohol consumption and preference. Sex differences were not apparent in Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> mice, with or without shifting diurnal cycles. In conclusion, sex differences in alcohol consumption patterns are evident and increase with prolonged access to alcohol. Disrupting circadian rhythms by mutating the <i>Clock</i> gene greatly increases alcohol consumption and abolishes sex differences present in WT animals.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/4/701shiftworksex differencesalcohol use disorderchronobiologychronicity |
| spellingShingle | Abanoub Aziz Rizk Bryan W. Jenkins Yasmine Al-Sabagh Shahnaza Hamidullah Cristine J. Reitz Mina Rasouli Tami A. Martino Jibran Y. Khokhar The Impact of Sex, Circadian Disruption, and the Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> Genotype on Alcohol Drinking in Mice Genes shiftwork sex differences alcohol use disorder chronobiology chronicity |
| title | The Impact of Sex, Circadian Disruption, and the Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> Genotype on Alcohol Drinking in Mice |
| title_full | The Impact of Sex, Circadian Disruption, and the Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> Genotype on Alcohol Drinking in Mice |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Sex, Circadian Disruption, and the Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> Genotype on Alcohol Drinking in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Sex, Circadian Disruption, and the Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> Genotype on Alcohol Drinking in Mice |
| title_short | The Impact of Sex, Circadian Disruption, and the Clock<sup>Δ19/Δ19</sup> Genotype on Alcohol Drinking in Mice |
| title_sort | impact of sex circadian disruption and the clock sup δ19 δ19 sup genotype on alcohol drinking in mice |
| topic | shiftwork sex differences alcohol use disorder chronobiology chronicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/13/4/701 |
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