Analysis of the Impact of Age, Education and Gender on Individuals’ Perception of Label Efficacy for Online Content
Online content is consumed by most Americans and is a primary source of their news information. It impacts millions’ perception of the world around them. Problematically, individuals who seek to deceive or manipulate the public can use targeted online content to do so and this content is readily con...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Information |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/11/516 |
| _version_ | 1797467856807395328 |
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| author | Matthew Spradling Jeremy Straub |
| author_facet | Matthew Spradling Jeremy Straub |
| author_sort | Matthew Spradling |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Online content is consumed by most Americans and is a primary source of their news information. It impacts millions’ perception of the world around them. Problematically, individuals who seek to deceive or manipulate the public can use targeted online content to do so and this content is readily consumed and believed by many. The use of labeling as a way to alert consumers of potential deceptive content has been proposed. This paper looks at factors which impact its perceived trustworthiness and, thus, potential use by Americans and analyzes these factors based on age, education level and gender. This analysis shows that, while labeling and all label types enjoy broad support, the level of support and uncertainty about labeling varies by age and education level with different labels outperforming for given age and education levels. Gender, alternately, was not shown to have a tremendous impact on respondents’ perspectives regarding labeling; however, females where shown to support labeling more, on average, but also report more uncertainty. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:58:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7e19dd1632dd4d56bf8773c363a415e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2078-2489 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:58:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Information |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e19dd1632dd4d56bf8773c363a415e32023-11-24T05:11:54ZengMDPI AGInformation2078-24892022-10-01131151610.3390/info13110516Analysis of the Impact of Age, Education and Gender on Individuals’ Perception of Label Efficacy for Online ContentMatthew Spradling0Jeremy Straub1College of Innovation and Technology, University of Michigan-Flint, Flint, MI 48502, USADepartment of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USAOnline content is consumed by most Americans and is a primary source of their news information. It impacts millions’ perception of the world around them. Problematically, individuals who seek to deceive or manipulate the public can use targeted online content to do so and this content is readily consumed and believed by many. The use of labeling as a way to alert consumers of potential deceptive content has been proposed. This paper looks at factors which impact its perceived trustworthiness and, thus, potential use by Americans and analyzes these factors based on age, education level and gender. This analysis shows that, while labeling and all label types enjoy broad support, the level of support and uncertainty about labeling varies by age and education level with different labels outperforming for given age and education levels. Gender, alternately, was not shown to have a tremendous impact on respondents’ perspectives regarding labeling; however, females where shown to support labeling more, on average, but also report more uncertainty.https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/11/516deceptive online contentageeducationgenderfake newscontent labeling |
| spellingShingle | Matthew Spradling Jeremy Straub Analysis of the Impact of Age, Education and Gender on Individuals’ Perception of Label Efficacy for Online Content Information deceptive online content age education gender fake news content labeling |
| title | Analysis of the Impact of Age, Education and Gender on Individuals’ Perception of Label Efficacy for Online Content |
| title_full | Analysis of the Impact of Age, Education and Gender on Individuals’ Perception of Label Efficacy for Online Content |
| title_fullStr | Analysis of the Impact of Age, Education and Gender on Individuals’ Perception of Label Efficacy for Online Content |
| title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of the Impact of Age, Education and Gender on Individuals’ Perception of Label Efficacy for Online Content |
| title_short | Analysis of the Impact of Age, Education and Gender on Individuals’ Perception of Label Efficacy for Online Content |
| title_sort | analysis of the impact of age education and gender on individuals perception of label efficacy for online content |
| topic | deceptive online content age education gender fake news content labeling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/11/516 |
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