Pattern of clinical and laboratory presentation of cerebral malaria among children in Nigeria
Introduction: Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most lethal form of severe malaria with high case fatality rates. Overtime, there is an inherent risk in changing pattern of presentation of CM which, if the diagnosis is missed due to these changing factors, may portend a poor outcome. Variations in the pa...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Global Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.jgid.org/article.asp?issn=0974-777X;year=2024;volume=16;issue=1;spage=5;epage=12;aulast=Jegede |
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| author | Tolulope O Jegede Saheed B Oseni John A. O Okeniyi Bankole Peter Kuti Samuel A Adegoke Qasim A Salau Emmanuel Olaseinde Bello Temitope Oyinlola Jegede Abiodun John Kareem Oyeku A Oyelami Ibitoye Bayode Samuel Korede O Oluwatuyi Foluwakemi T Ekogiawe Stanley E Obasohan Ikechukwu S Abazu Emmanuel O Babalola |
| author_facet | Tolulope O Jegede Saheed B Oseni John A. O Okeniyi Bankole Peter Kuti Samuel A Adegoke Qasim A Salau Emmanuel Olaseinde Bello Temitope Oyinlola Jegede Abiodun John Kareem Oyeku A Oyelami Ibitoye Bayode Samuel Korede O Oluwatuyi Foluwakemi T Ekogiawe Stanley E Obasohan Ikechukwu S Abazu Emmanuel O Babalola |
| author_sort | Tolulope O Jegede |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most lethal form of severe malaria with high case fatality rates. Overtime, there is an inherent risk in changing pattern of presentation of CM which, if the diagnosis is missed due to these changing factors, may portend a poor outcome. Variations in the pattern of clinic-laboratory presentations also make generalization difficult. This study was, therefore, set out to report the pattern of clinical and laboratory presentation of CM. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among children aged 6 months to 14 years admitted with a diagnosis of CM as defined by the World Health Organization criteria. A pretested pro forma was filled, and detailed neurological examination and laboratory (biochemical, microbiology, and hematology) investigations were done. P <5% was considered statistically significant. Results: Sixty-four children were recruited with a mean age of 34.9 ± 24.9 months and a male-to-female ratio of 1.9:1. There were 87.5% of under-five children. Fever (96.9%) was the major presenting feature closely followed by convulsions (92.2%). Convulsions were mainly generalized (94.9%) and multiple (76.5%). Profound coma (Blantyre coma score of 0) was present in 12.5% of cases, and the leading features on examination were fever (84.4%) and pallor (75.0%). Retinal vessel whitening (48.4%) was the most common funduscopic abnormality. Metabolic acidosis (47.9%), severe anemia (14.1%), hyperglycemia (17.2%), and hypoglycemia (7.8%) were seen among the children. Few (1.6%) had hyperparasitemia and bacteremia (3.2%). Conclusion: Early recognition of the clinical presentation and prompt management may improve the outcome of cerebral malaria. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:21:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7e1abd650abc4c1aabe8d1c527d16d8c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0974-777X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:21:34Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Global Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e1abd650abc4c1aabe8d1c527d16d8c2024-04-04T14:34:41ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Global Infectious Diseases0974-777X2024-01-0116151210.4103/jgid.jgid_100_23Pattern of clinical and laboratory presentation of cerebral malaria among children in NigeriaTolulope O JegedeSaheed B OseniJohn A. O OkeniyiBankole Peter KutiSamuel A AdegokeQasim A SalauEmmanuel Olaseinde BelloTemitope Oyinlola JegedeAbiodun John KareemOyeku A OyelamiIbitoye Bayode SamuelKorede O OluwatuyiFoluwakemi T EkogiaweStanley E ObasohanIkechukwu S AbazuEmmanuel O BabalolaIntroduction: Cerebral malaria (CM) is the most lethal form of severe malaria with high case fatality rates. Overtime, there is an inherent risk in changing pattern of presentation of CM which, if the diagnosis is missed due to these changing factors, may portend a poor outcome. Variations in the pattern of clinic-laboratory presentations also make generalization difficult. This study was, therefore, set out to report the pattern of clinical and laboratory presentation of CM. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study among children aged 6 months to 14 years admitted with a diagnosis of CM as defined by the World Health Organization criteria. A pretested pro forma was filled, and detailed neurological examination and laboratory (biochemical, microbiology, and hematology) investigations were done. P <5% was considered statistically significant. Results: Sixty-four children were recruited with a mean age of 34.9 ± 24.9 months and a male-to-female ratio of 1.9:1. There were 87.5% of under-five children. Fever (96.9%) was the major presenting feature closely followed by convulsions (92.2%). Convulsions were mainly generalized (94.9%) and multiple (76.5%). Profound coma (Blantyre coma score of 0) was present in 12.5% of cases, and the leading features on examination were fever (84.4%) and pallor (75.0%). Retinal vessel whitening (48.4%) was the most common funduscopic abnormality. Metabolic acidosis (47.9%), severe anemia (14.1%), hyperglycemia (17.2%), and hypoglycemia (7.8%) were seen among the children. Few (1.6%) had hyperparasitemia and bacteremia (3.2%). Conclusion: Early recognition of the clinical presentation and prompt management may improve the outcome of cerebral malaria.http://www.jgid.org/article.asp?issn=0974-777X;year=2024;volume=16;issue=1;spage=5;epage=12;aulast=Jegedecerebral malariaclinical featurescomahyperparasitemianigeria |
| spellingShingle | Tolulope O Jegede Saheed B Oseni John A. O Okeniyi Bankole Peter Kuti Samuel A Adegoke Qasim A Salau Emmanuel Olaseinde Bello Temitope Oyinlola Jegede Abiodun John Kareem Oyeku A Oyelami Ibitoye Bayode Samuel Korede O Oluwatuyi Foluwakemi T Ekogiawe Stanley E Obasohan Ikechukwu S Abazu Emmanuel O Babalola Pattern of clinical and laboratory presentation of cerebral malaria among children in Nigeria Journal of Global Infectious Diseases cerebral malaria clinical features coma hyperparasitemia nigeria |
| title | Pattern of clinical and laboratory presentation of cerebral malaria among children in Nigeria |
| title_full | Pattern of clinical and laboratory presentation of cerebral malaria among children in Nigeria |
| title_fullStr | Pattern of clinical and laboratory presentation of cerebral malaria among children in Nigeria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pattern of clinical and laboratory presentation of cerebral malaria among children in Nigeria |
| title_short | Pattern of clinical and laboratory presentation of cerebral malaria among children in Nigeria |
| title_sort | pattern of clinical and laboratory presentation of cerebral malaria among children in nigeria |
| topic | cerebral malaria clinical features coma hyperparasitemia nigeria |
| url | http://www.jgid.org/article.asp?issn=0974-777X;year=2024;volume=16;issue=1;spage=5;epage=12;aulast=Jegede |
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