Splice Variants of Superoxide Dismutases in Rice and Their Expression Profiles under Abiotic Stresses
The superoxide dismutases (SODs) play vital roles in controlling cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated both under optimal as well as stress conditions in plants. The rice genome harbors seven SOD genes (<i>CSD1</i>, <i>CSD2</i>, <i>CSD3</i>, &l...
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MDPI AG
2021-04-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/3997 |
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| author | Ajay Saini Jai S. Rohila Ganesan Govindan Yong-Fang Li Ramanjulu Sunkar |
| author_facet | Ajay Saini Jai S. Rohila Ganesan Govindan Yong-Fang Li Ramanjulu Sunkar |
| author_sort | Ajay Saini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The superoxide dismutases (SODs) play vital roles in controlling cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated both under optimal as well as stress conditions in plants. The rice genome harbors seven SOD genes (<i>CSD1</i>, <i>CSD2</i>, <i>CSD3</i>, <i>CSD4</i>, <i>FSD1</i>, <i>FSD2,</i> and <i>MSD</i>) that encode seven constitutive transcripts. Of these, five (<i>CSD2</i>, <i>CSD3</i>, <i>CSD4</i>, <i>FSD1,</i> and <i>MSD</i>) utilizes an alternative splicing (AS) strategy and generate seven additional splice variants (<i>SVs</i>) or mRNA variants, i.e., three for <i>CSD3</i>, and one each for <i>CSD2</i>, <i>CSD4</i>, <i>FSD1,</i> and <i>MSD</i>. The exon-intron organization of these <i>SVs</i> revealed variations in the number and length of exons and/or untranslated regions (UTRs). We determined the expression patterns of <i>SVs</i> along with their constitutive forms of <i>SODs</i> in rice seedlings exposed to salt, osmotic, cold, heavy metal (Cu<sup>+2</sup>) stresses, as well as copper-deprivation. The results revealed that all seven <i>SVs</i> were transcriptionally active in both roots and shoots. When compared to their corresponding constitutive transcripts, the profiles of five <i>SVs</i> were almost similar, while two specific <i>SVs</i> (<i>CSD3-SV4</i> and <i>MSD-SV2</i>) differed significantly, and the differences were also apparent between shoots and roots suggesting that the specific SVs are likely to play important roles in a tissue-specific and stress-specific manner. Overall, the present study has provided a comprehensive analysis of the SVs of SODs and their responses to stress conditions in shoots and roots of rice seedlings. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:22:16Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7e1cea80f6a44fc6ac785e4ffc34252c2023-11-21T15:21:03ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-04-01228399710.3390/ijms22083997Splice Variants of Superoxide Dismutases in Rice and Their Expression Profiles under Abiotic StressesAjay Saini0Jai S. Rohila1Ganesan Govindan2Yong-Fang Li3Ramanjulu Sunkar4Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADale Bumpers National Rice Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Services, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USAThe superoxide dismutases (SODs) play vital roles in controlling cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) that are generated both under optimal as well as stress conditions in plants. The rice genome harbors seven SOD genes (<i>CSD1</i>, <i>CSD2</i>, <i>CSD3</i>, <i>CSD4</i>, <i>FSD1</i>, <i>FSD2,</i> and <i>MSD</i>) that encode seven constitutive transcripts. Of these, five (<i>CSD2</i>, <i>CSD3</i>, <i>CSD4</i>, <i>FSD1,</i> and <i>MSD</i>) utilizes an alternative splicing (AS) strategy and generate seven additional splice variants (<i>SVs</i>) or mRNA variants, i.e., three for <i>CSD3</i>, and one each for <i>CSD2</i>, <i>CSD4</i>, <i>FSD1,</i> and <i>MSD</i>. The exon-intron organization of these <i>SVs</i> revealed variations in the number and length of exons and/or untranslated regions (UTRs). We determined the expression patterns of <i>SVs</i> along with their constitutive forms of <i>SODs</i> in rice seedlings exposed to salt, osmotic, cold, heavy metal (Cu<sup>+2</sup>) stresses, as well as copper-deprivation. The results revealed that all seven <i>SVs</i> were transcriptionally active in both roots and shoots. When compared to their corresponding constitutive transcripts, the profiles of five <i>SVs</i> were almost similar, while two specific <i>SVs</i> (<i>CSD3-SV4</i> and <i>MSD-SV2</i>) differed significantly, and the differences were also apparent between shoots and roots suggesting that the specific SVs are likely to play important roles in a tissue-specific and stress-specific manner. Overall, the present study has provided a comprehensive analysis of the SVs of SODs and their responses to stress conditions in shoots and roots of rice seedlings.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/3997abiotic stressalternative splicingricesplice variantsSODssuperoxide dismutases |
| spellingShingle | Ajay Saini Jai S. Rohila Ganesan Govindan Yong-Fang Li Ramanjulu Sunkar Splice Variants of Superoxide Dismutases in Rice and Their Expression Profiles under Abiotic Stresses International Journal of Molecular Sciences abiotic stress alternative splicing rice splice variants SODs superoxide dismutases |
| title | Splice Variants of Superoxide Dismutases in Rice and Their Expression Profiles under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_full | Splice Variants of Superoxide Dismutases in Rice and Their Expression Profiles under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_fullStr | Splice Variants of Superoxide Dismutases in Rice and Their Expression Profiles under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Splice Variants of Superoxide Dismutases in Rice and Their Expression Profiles under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_short | Splice Variants of Superoxide Dismutases in Rice and Their Expression Profiles under Abiotic Stresses |
| title_sort | splice variants of superoxide dismutases in rice and their expression profiles under abiotic stresses |
| topic | abiotic stress alternative splicing rice splice variants SODs superoxide dismutases |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/8/3997 |
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