Evaluation of Feasibility on Dental Zirconia—Accelerated Aging Test by Chemical Immersion Method
The aim of this study was to investigate the low-temperature degradation (LTD) kinetics of tetragonal zirconia with 3 mol% yttria (3Y-TZP) dental ceramic using two degradation methods: hydrothermal degradation and immersed degradation. To study transformation kinetics, we prepared 3Y-TZP powders. We...
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2023-12-01
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| author | Ju-Mei Tian Wen-Fu Ho Hsueh-Chuan Hsu Yi Song Shih-Ching Wu |
| author_facet | Ju-Mei Tian Wen-Fu Ho Hsueh-Chuan Hsu Yi Song Shih-Ching Wu |
| author_sort | Ju-Mei Tian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this study was to investigate the low-temperature degradation (LTD) kinetics of tetragonal zirconia with 3 mol% yttria (3Y-TZP) dental ceramic using two degradation methods: hydrothermal degradation and immersed degradation. To study transformation kinetics, we prepared 3Y-TZP powders. We pressed these powders uniaxially into a stainless mold at 100 MPa. We then sintered the compacted bodies at intervals of 50 °C between 1300 °C and 1550 °C and immersed the specimens at various temperatures from 60 °C to 80 °C in 4% acetic acid or from 110 °C to 140 °C for the hydrothermal method. We used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to confirm crystalline grain size and used X-ray diffraction to analyze the zirconia phase. As the sintering temperature increased, the calculated crystalline grain size also increased. We confirmed this change with the SEM image. The higher sintering temperatures were associated with more phase transformation. According to the Mehl–Avrami–Johnson equation, the activation energies achieved using the hydrothermal method were 101 kJ/mol, 95 kJ/mol, and 86 kJ/mol at sintering temperatures of 1450 °C, 1500 °C, and 1550 °C, respectively. In addition, the activation energies of the specimens immersed in 4% acetic acid were 60 kJ/mol, 55 kJ/mol, 48 kJ/mol, and 35 kJ/mol, with sintered temperatures of 1400 °C, 1450 °C, 1500 °C, and 1550 °C, respectively. The results showed that a lower sintering temperature would restrain the phase transformation of zirconia because of the smaller crystalline grain size. As a result, the rate of LTD decreased. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7e1de7a3b8484d16a39cd1b907caca2f2023-12-22T14:23:05ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-12-011624769110.3390/ma16247691Evaluation of Feasibility on Dental Zirconia—Accelerated Aging Test by Chemical Immersion MethodJu-Mei Tian0Wen-Fu Ho1Hsueh-Chuan Hsu2Yi Song3Shih-Ching Wu4Department of Stomatology of Xiamen Medical College, Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Biomaterials, Fujian Province University, Xiamen 361023, ChinaDepartment of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung 81148, TaiwanDepartment of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, TaiwanDepartment of Dental Technology, School of Medical Technology, Taizhou Polytechnic College, Taizhou 225300, ChinaDepartment of Dental Technology and Materials Science, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40601, TaiwanThe aim of this study was to investigate the low-temperature degradation (LTD) kinetics of tetragonal zirconia with 3 mol% yttria (3Y-TZP) dental ceramic using two degradation methods: hydrothermal degradation and immersed degradation. To study transformation kinetics, we prepared 3Y-TZP powders. We pressed these powders uniaxially into a stainless mold at 100 MPa. We then sintered the compacted bodies at intervals of 50 °C between 1300 °C and 1550 °C and immersed the specimens at various temperatures from 60 °C to 80 °C in 4% acetic acid or from 110 °C to 140 °C for the hydrothermal method. We used a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to confirm crystalline grain size and used X-ray diffraction to analyze the zirconia phase. As the sintering temperature increased, the calculated crystalline grain size also increased. We confirmed this change with the SEM image. The higher sintering temperatures were associated with more phase transformation. According to the Mehl–Avrami–Johnson equation, the activation energies achieved using the hydrothermal method were 101 kJ/mol, 95 kJ/mol, and 86 kJ/mol at sintering temperatures of 1450 °C, 1500 °C, and 1550 °C, respectively. In addition, the activation energies of the specimens immersed in 4% acetic acid were 60 kJ/mol, 55 kJ/mol, 48 kJ/mol, and 35 kJ/mol, with sintered temperatures of 1400 °C, 1450 °C, 1500 °C, and 1550 °C, respectively. The results showed that a lower sintering temperature would restrain the phase transformation of zirconia because of the smaller crystalline grain size. As a result, the rate of LTD decreased.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/24/7691dental ceramiclow-temperature degradation3Y-TZPhydrothermal degradationdental ceramic |
| spellingShingle | Ju-Mei Tian Wen-Fu Ho Hsueh-Chuan Hsu Yi Song Shih-Ching Wu Evaluation of Feasibility on Dental Zirconia—Accelerated Aging Test by Chemical Immersion Method Materials dental ceramic low-temperature degradation 3Y-TZP hydrothermal degradation dental ceramic |
| title | Evaluation of Feasibility on Dental Zirconia—Accelerated Aging Test by Chemical Immersion Method |
| title_full | Evaluation of Feasibility on Dental Zirconia—Accelerated Aging Test by Chemical Immersion Method |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Feasibility on Dental Zirconia—Accelerated Aging Test by Chemical Immersion Method |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Feasibility on Dental Zirconia—Accelerated Aging Test by Chemical Immersion Method |
| title_short | Evaluation of Feasibility on Dental Zirconia—Accelerated Aging Test by Chemical Immersion Method |
| title_sort | evaluation of feasibility on dental zirconia accelerated aging test by chemical immersion method |
| topic | dental ceramic low-temperature degradation 3Y-TZP hydrothermal degradation dental ceramic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/24/7691 |
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