| Summary: | Several species of the genus Aphidius are well known as commercial biocontrol agents of pest aphids, and more than 130 species of the genus have been recorded worldwide. To date, only 15 Aphidius species have been recorded in South Korea. Using the DNA barcode region (ca. 658 bp) of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), we amplified sequences of 15 Aphidius Korean species, aligned them in combination with 23 reference species retrieved from GenBank for comparison and identification, and then reconstructed a barcode phylogeny by the neighbour-joining method. As a result, three Aphidius species were found to be new to Science. Descriptions and illustrations of the three species new to Science – Aphidius longicarpus sp. nov., A. longistigmus sp. nov., and A. asiaticus sp. nov. – are provided, together with their phylogenetic position within the genus Aphidius. In addition, a redescription of A. areolatus, a parasitoid of maple aphids (Peryphillus spp.), is also given.
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