Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with the presence of conformation-sensitive antibodies against MOG. The spectrum of MOGAD includes monophasic/relapsing optic neuritis, myelitis,...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1260358/full |
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| author | Jyh Yung Hor Kazuo Fujihara Kazuo Fujihara |
| author_facet | Jyh Yung Hor Kazuo Fujihara Kazuo Fujihara |
| author_sort | Jyh Yung Hor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with the presence of conformation-sensitive antibodies against MOG. The spectrum of MOGAD includes monophasic/relapsing optic neuritis, myelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) phenotype without aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies, acute/multiphasic demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM/MDEM)-like presentation, and brainstem and cerebral cortical encephalitis. There is no apparent female preponderance in MOGAD, and MOGAD can onset in all age groups (age at onset is approximately 30 years on average, and approximately 30% of cases are in the pediatric age group). While prevalence and incidence data have been available for AQP4+ NMOSD globally, such data are only beginning to accumulate for MOGAD. We reviewed the currently available data from population-based MOGAD studies conducted around the world: three studies in Europe, three in Asia, and one joint study in the Americas. The prevalence of MOGAD is approximately 1.3–2.5/100,000, and the annual incidence is approximately 3.4–4.8 per million. Among White people, the prevalence of MOGAD appears to be slightly higher than that of AQP4+ NMOSD. No obvious latitude gradient was observed in the Japanese nationwide survey. The data available so far showed no obvious racial preponderance or strong HLA associations in MOGAD. However, precedent infection was reported in approximately 20–40% of MOGAD cases, and this is worthy of further investigation. Co-existing autoimmune disorders are less common in MOGAD than in AQP4+ NMOSD, but NMDAR antibodies may occasionally be positive in patients with MOGAD. More population-based studies in different populations and regions are useful to further inform the epidemiology of this disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:59:14Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T23:59:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e382d18a33048618b344e40314ad1a12023-09-18T06:32:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952023-09-011410.3389/fneur.2023.12603581260358Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwideJyh Yung Hor0Kazuo Fujihara1Kazuo Fujihara2Department of Neurology, Penang General Hospital, Penang, MalaysiaDepartment of Multiple Sclerosis Therapeutics, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Koriyama, JapanMultiple Sclerosis and Neuromyelitis Optica Center, Southern TOHOKU Research Institute for Neuroscience, Koriyama, JapanMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with the presence of conformation-sensitive antibodies against MOG. The spectrum of MOGAD includes monophasic/relapsing optic neuritis, myelitis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) phenotype without aquaporin 4 (AQP4) antibodies, acute/multiphasic demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM/MDEM)-like presentation, and brainstem and cerebral cortical encephalitis. There is no apparent female preponderance in MOGAD, and MOGAD can onset in all age groups (age at onset is approximately 30 years on average, and approximately 30% of cases are in the pediatric age group). While prevalence and incidence data have been available for AQP4+ NMOSD globally, such data are only beginning to accumulate for MOGAD. We reviewed the currently available data from population-based MOGAD studies conducted around the world: three studies in Europe, three in Asia, and one joint study in the Americas. The prevalence of MOGAD is approximately 1.3–2.5/100,000, and the annual incidence is approximately 3.4–4.8 per million. Among White people, the prevalence of MOGAD appears to be slightly higher than that of AQP4+ NMOSD. No obvious latitude gradient was observed in the Japanese nationwide survey. The data available so far showed no obvious racial preponderance or strong HLA associations in MOGAD. However, precedent infection was reported in approximately 20–40% of MOGAD cases, and this is worthy of further investigation. Co-existing autoimmune disorders are less common in MOGAD than in AQP4+ NMOSD, but NMDAR antibodies may occasionally be positive in patients with MOGAD. More population-based studies in different populations and regions are useful to further inform the epidemiology of this disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1260358/fullmyelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteinMOG antibody-associated diseaseneuromyelitis optica spectrum disorderpopulation studyprevalenceincidence |
| spellingShingle | Jyh Yung Hor Kazuo Fujihara Kazuo Fujihara Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide Frontiers in Neurology myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MOG antibody-associated disease neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder population study prevalence incidence |
| title | Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide |
| title_full | Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide |
| title_short | Epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease: a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide |
| title_sort | epidemiology of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease a review of prevalence and incidence worldwide |
| topic | myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein MOG antibody-associated disease neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder population study prevalence incidence |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2023.1260358/full |
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