Protective Effect of Foxtail Millet Protein Hydrolysate on Ethanol and Pyloric Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice
Foxtail millet has been traditionally considered to possess gastroprotective effects, but studies evaluating its use as a treatment for gastric ulcers are lacking. Here, we assessed the antiulcer effects of foxtail millet protein hydrolysate (FPH) and explored its mechanism by using blocking agents....
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2459 |
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| author | Bowei Zhang Xiaoxiao Rao Yunhui Zhang Weijia Dai Yingchuan Xu Congying Zhao Zhenjia Chen Jin Wang Dancai Fan Xiaowen Wang Shuo Wang |
| author_facet | Bowei Zhang Xiaoxiao Rao Yunhui Zhang Weijia Dai Yingchuan Xu Congying Zhao Zhenjia Chen Jin Wang Dancai Fan Xiaowen Wang Shuo Wang |
| author_sort | Bowei Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Foxtail millet has been traditionally considered to possess gastroprotective effects, but studies evaluating its use as a treatment for gastric ulcers are lacking. Here, we assessed the antiulcer effects of foxtail millet protein hydrolysate (FPH) and explored its mechanism by using blocking agents. In a mouse model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers, pretreatment with FPH reduced the ulcerative lesion index, downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the gastric tissue, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and improved the oxidative status. FPH increased constitutive the activity of nitric oxide synthase (cNOS), NO levels, and mucin expression in gastric mucosa, and inhibited the activation of the ET-1/PI3K/Akt pathway. In a mouse model of pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcers, FPH inhibited gastric acid secretion and decreased the activity of gastric protease. Pretreatment of mice with the sulfhydryl blocker NEM and the NO synthesis inhibitor L-NAME abolished the gastroprotective effect of FPH, but not the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide and the PGE2 synthesis blocker indomethacin. Among the peptides identified in FPH, 10 peptides were predicted to have regulatory effects on the gastric mucosa, and the key sequences were GP and PG. The results confirmed the gastroprotective effect of FPH and revealed that its mechanism was through the regulation of gastric mucosal mucus and NO synthesis. This study supports the health effects of a millet-enriched diet and provides a basis for millet protein as a functional food to improve gastric ulcers and its related oxidative stress. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:23:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e397e74ea9f46989d0c6a5687134a012023-11-24T12:58:26ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-12-011112245910.3390/antiox11122459Protective Effect of Foxtail Millet Protein Hydrolysate on Ethanol and Pyloric Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcers in MiceBowei Zhang0Xiaoxiao Rao1Yunhui Zhang2Weijia Dai3Yingchuan Xu4Congying Zhao5Zhenjia Chen6Jin Wang7Dancai Fan8Xiaowen Wang9Shuo Wang10Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030801, ChinaTianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaFoxtail millet has been traditionally considered to possess gastroprotective effects, but studies evaluating its use as a treatment for gastric ulcers are lacking. Here, we assessed the antiulcer effects of foxtail millet protein hydrolysate (FPH) and explored its mechanism by using blocking agents. In a mouse model of ethanol-induced gastric ulcers, pretreatment with FPH reduced the ulcerative lesion index, downregulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the gastric tissue, increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and improved the oxidative status. FPH increased constitutive the activity of nitric oxide synthase (cNOS), NO levels, and mucin expression in gastric mucosa, and inhibited the activation of the ET-1/PI3K/Akt pathway. In a mouse model of pyloric ligation-induced gastric ulcers, FPH inhibited gastric acid secretion and decreased the activity of gastric protease. Pretreatment of mice with the sulfhydryl blocker NEM and the NO synthesis inhibitor L-NAME abolished the gastroprotective effect of FPH, but not the KATP channel blocker glibenclamide and the PGE2 synthesis blocker indomethacin. Among the peptides identified in FPH, 10 peptides were predicted to have regulatory effects on the gastric mucosa, and the key sequences were GP and PG. The results confirmed the gastroprotective effect of FPH and revealed that its mechanism was through the regulation of gastric mucosal mucus and NO synthesis. This study supports the health effects of a millet-enriched diet and provides a basis for millet protein as a functional food to improve gastric ulcers and its related oxidative stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2459foxtail millet protein hydrolysatesgastric ulcernitric oxide (NO)peptidesgastric mucosal mucus |
| spellingShingle | Bowei Zhang Xiaoxiao Rao Yunhui Zhang Weijia Dai Yingchuan Xu Congying Zhao Zhenjia Chen Jin Wang Dancai Fan Xiaowen Wang Shuo Wang Protective Effect of Foxtail Millet Protein Hydrolysate on Ethanol and Pyloric Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice Antioxidants foxtail millet protein hydrolysates gastric ulcer nitric oxide (NO) peptides gastric mucosal mucus |
| title | Protective Effect of Foxtail Millet Protein Hydrolysate on Ethanol and Pyloric Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice |
| title_full | Protective Effect of Foxtail Millet Protein Hydrolysate on Ethanol and Pyloric Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice |
| title_fullStr | Protective Effect of Foxtail Millet Protein Hydrolysate on Ethanol and Pyloric Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effect of Foxtail Millet Protein Hydrolysate on Ethanol and Pyloric Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice |
| title_short | Protective Effect of Foxtail Millet Protein Hydrolysate on Ethanol and Pyloric Ligation-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Mice |
| title_sort | protective effect of foxtail millet protein hydrolysate on ethanol and pyloric ligation induced gastric ulcers in mice |
| topic | foxtail millet protein hydrolysates gastric ulcer nitric oxide (NO) peptides gastric mucosal mucus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/12/2459 |
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