Genetic Variability among Swine Influenza Viruses in Italy: Data Analysis of the Period 2017–2020
Swine play an important role in the ecology of influenza A viruses (IAVs), acting as mixing vessels. Swine (sw) IAVs of H1N1 (including H1N1pdm09), H3N2, and H1N2 subtypes are enzootic in pigs globally, with different geographic distributions. This study investigated the genetic diversity of swIAVs...
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/1/47 |
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| author | Chiara Chiapponi Alice Prosperi Ana Moreno Laura Baioni Silvia Faccini Roberta Manfredi Irene Zanni Valentina Gabbi Irene Calanchi Alice Fusaro Maria Serena Beato Lara Cavicchio Camilla Torreggiani Giovanni Loris Alborali Andrea Luppi |
| author_facet | Chiara Chiapponi Alice Prosperi Ana Moreno Laura Baioni Silvia Faccini Roberta Manfredi Irene Zanni Valentina Gabbi Irene Calanchi Alice Fusaro Maria Serena Beato Lara Cavicchio Camilla Torreggiani Giovanni Loris Alborali Andrea Luppi |
| author_sort | Chiara Chiapponi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Swine play an important role in the ecology of influenza A viruses (IAVs), acting as mixing vessels. Swine (sw) IAVs of H1N1 (including H1N1pdm09), H3N2, and H1N2 subtypes are enzootic in pigs globally, with different geographic distributions. This study investigated the genetic diversity of swIAVs detected during passive surveillance of pig farms in Northern Italy between 2017 and 2020. A total of 672 samples, IAV-positive according to RT-PCR, were subtyped by multiplex RT-PCR. A selection of strains was fully sequenced. High genotypic diversity was detected among the H1N1 and H1N2 strains, while the H3N2 strains showed a stable genetic pattern. The hemagglutinin of the H1Nx swIAVs belonged to HA-1A, HA-1B, and HA-1C lineages. Increasing variability was found in HA-1C strains with the circulation of HA-1C.2, HA-1C.2.1 and HA-1C.2.2 sublineages. Amino acid deletions in the HA-1C receptor binding site were observed and antigenic drift was confirmed. HA-1B strains were mostly represented by the Δ146-147 Italian lineage HA-1B.1.2.2, in combination with the 1990s human-derived NA gene. One antigenic variant cluster in HA-1A strains was identified in 2020. SwIAV circulation in pigs must be monitored continuously since the IAVs’ evolution could generate strains with zoonotic potential. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:21:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7e3a7a87da434d68999468705eb9f147 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:21:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e3a7a87da434d68999468705eb9f1472023-11-23T15:41:19ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-12-011414710.3390/v14010047Genetic Variability among Swine Influenza Viruses in Italy: Data Analysis of the Period 2017–2020Chiara Chiapponi0Alice Prosperi1Ana Moreno2Laura Baioni3Silvia Faccini4Roberta Manfredi5Irene Zanni6Valentina Gabbi7Irene Calanchi8Alice Fusaro9Maria Serena Beato10Lara Cavicchio11Camilla Torreggiani12Giovanni Loris Alborali13Andrea Luppi14OIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, ItalyOIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, ItalyOIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, ItalyOIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, ItalyOIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, ItalyOIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, ItalyOIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, ItalyOIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, ItalyOIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, ItalyIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie (IZSVe), 35020 Legnaro, ItalyOIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, ItalyOIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, ItalyOIE Reference Laboratory for Swine Influenza, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell’Emilia Romagna (IZSLER), 25124 Brescia, ItalySwine play an important role in the ecology of influenza A viruses (IAVs), acting as mixing vessels. Swine (sw) IAVs of H1N1 (including H1N1pdm09), H3N2, and H1N2 subtypes are enzootic in pigs globally, with different geographic distributions. This study investigated the genetic diversity of swIAVs detected during passive surveillance of pig farms in Northern Italy between 2017 and 2020. A total of 672 samples, IAV-positive according to RT-PCR, were subtyped by multiplex RT-PCR. A selection of strains was fully sequenced. High genotypic diversity was detected among the H1N1 and H1N2 strains, while the H3N2 strains showed a stable genetic pattern. The hemagglutinin of the H1Nx swIAVs belonged to HA-1A, HA-1B, and HA-1C lineages. Increasing variability was found in HA-1C strains with the circulation of HA-1C.2, HA-1C.2.1 and HA-1C.2.2 sublineages. Amino acid deletions in the HA-1C receptor binding site were observed and antigenic drift was confirmed. HA-1B strains were mostly represented by the Δ146-147 Italian lineage HA-1B.1.2.2, in combination with the 1990s human-derived NA gene. One antigenic variant cluster in HA-1A strains was identified in 2020. SwIAV circulation in pigs must be monitored continuously since the IAVs’ evolution could generate strains with zoonotic potential.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/1/47influenza A virusswinegenetic characterizationantigenic characterizationsubtyping |
| spellingShingle | Chiara Chiapponi Alice Prosperi Ana Moreno Laura Baioni Silvia Faccini Roberta Manfredi Irene Zanni Valentina Gabbi Irene Calanchi Alice Fusaro Maria Serena Beato Lara Cavicchio Camilla Torreggiani Giovanni Loris Alborali Andrea Luppi Genetic Variability among Swine Influenza Viruses in Italy: Data Analysis of the Period 2017–2020 Viruses influenza A virus swine genetic characterization antigenic characterization subtyping |
| title | Genetic Variability among Swine Influenza Viruses in Italy: Data Analysis of the Period 2017–2020 |
| title_full | Genetic Variability among Swine Influenza Viruses in Italy: Data Analysis of the Period 2017–2020 |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Variability among Swine Influenza Viruses in Italy: Data Analysis of the Period 2017–2020 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Variability among Swine Influenza Viruses in Italy: Data Analysis of the Period 2017–2020 |
| title_short | Genetic Variability among Swine Influenza Viruses in Italy: Data Analysis of the Period 2017–2020 |
| title_sort | genetic variability among swine influenza viruses in italy data analysis of the period 2017 2020 |
| topic | influenza A virus swine genetic characterization antigenic characterization subtyping |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/14/1/47 |
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