Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Amendments Improved the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Forage Sorghum
The use of organic amendments is seen to be a promising method for enhancing crop productivity and soil health. Therefore, this study was performed for two consecutive years (2019 and 2020) to determine the effects of organic biochar (BC), sugar industry press mud (MUD), and poultry manure (PM) comb...
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/896 |
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| author | Ahmad Sher Muhammad Adnan Abdul Sattar Sami Ul-Allah Muhammad Ijaz Muhammad Umair Hassan Abdul Manaf Abdul Qayyum Basem H. Elesawy Khadiga Ahmed Ismail Amal F. Gharib Ahmad El Askary |
| author_facet | Ahmad Sher Muhammad Adnan Abdul Sattar Sami Ul-Allah Muhammad Ijaz Muhammad Umair Hassan Abdul Manaf Abdul Qayyum Basem H. Elesawy Khadiga Ahmed Ismail Amal F. Gharib Ahmad El Askary |
| author_sort | Ahmad Sher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The use of organic amendments is seen to be a promising method for enhancing crop productivity and soil health. Therefore, this study was performed for two consecutive years (2019 and 2020) to determine the effects of organic biochar (BC), sugar industry press mud (MUD), and poultry manure (PM) combined with inorganic amendments on the yield and nutritional quality of forage sorghum at the College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur sub-campus, Layyah, Pakistan. The treatments were comprised of the following: control (no inorganic or organic amendments added); recommended dose of NPK (59:72:30 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>); half dose of NPK (29.5:36:15 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>); recommended dose of poultry manure (PM) at 5 t ha<sup>−1</sup>; recommended dose of press mud (MUD) at 40 t ha<sup>−1</sup>; recommended dose of biochar (BC) at 11 t ha<sup>−1</sup>; BC + half NPK; MUD + half NPK; PM + half NPK; PM + BC + half NPK; PM + MUD + half NPK; BC + MUD + half NPK; PM + BC + MUD + half NPK. The treatments were carried out in a triplicate randomized complete block design. Results revealed that combined application of PM + BC + MUD + 1/2 NPK significantly enhanced the plant height (201 cm), number of leaves (17), stem diameter (18 mm), stem dry weight (201.7 g), leaf dry weight (30.4 g), leaf area (184.3 cm<sup>2</sup>), green forage yield (31.8 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>), and dry biomass yield (12.7 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>) compared with the control treatment. Forage quality traits, including crude protein (CP), brix percentage, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL), showed maximum value with the combined application of PM + BC + MUD + 1/2 NPK. ADF and ADL are linked with lower digestibility; therefore, it was concluded that the combined application of PM + BC + MUD + 1/2 NPK can improve the productivity, dry biomass yield, and CP of sorghum, but reduces the digestibility under semi-arid conditions, such as those in Central Pakistan. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:16:58Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7e3cbbc562fd44acb774e3f8200574a9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:16:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7e3cbbc562fd44acb774e3f8200574a92023-12-01T00:27:51ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-04-0112489610.3390/agronomy12040896Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Amendments Improved the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Forage SorghumAhmad Sher0Muhammad Adnan1Abdul Sattar2Sami Ul-Allah3Muhammad Ijaz4Muhammad Umair Hassan5Abdul Manaf6Abdul Qayyum7Basem H. Elesawy8Khadiga Ahmed Ismail9Amal F. Gharib10Ahmad El Askary11College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah 31200, PakistanCollege of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah 31200, PakistanCollege of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah 31200, PakistanCollege of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah 31200, PakistanCollege of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur Sub-Campus Layyah, Layyah 31200, PakistanDepartment of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, PakistanDepartment of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi 46300, PakistanDepartment of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22620, PakistanDepartment of Pathology, College of Medicine, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaThe use of organic amendments is seen to be a promising method for enhancing crop productivity and soil health. Therefore, this study was performed for two consecutive years (2019 and 2020) to determine the effects of organic biochar (BC), sugar industry press mud (MUD), and poultry manure (PM) combined with inorganic amendments on the yield and nutritional quality of forage sorghum at the College of Agriculture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bahadur sub-campus, Layyah, Pakistan. The treatments were comprised of the following: control (no inorganic or organic amendments added); recommended dose of NPK (59:72:30 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>); half dose of NPK (29.5:36:15 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>); recommended dose of poultry manure (PM) at 5 t ha<sup>−1</sup>; recommended dose of press mud (MUD) at 40 t ha<sup>−1</sup>; recommended dose of biochar (BC) at 11 t ha<sup>−1</sup>; BC + half NPK; MUD + half NPK; PM + half NPK; PM + BC + half NPK; PM + MUD + half NPK; BC + MUD + half NPK; PM + BC + MUD + half NPK. The treatments were carried out in a triplicate randomized complete block design. Results revealed that combined application of PM + BC + MUD + 1/2 NPK significantly enhanced the plant height (201 cm), number of leaves (17), stem diameter (18 mm), stem dry weight (201.7 g), leaf dry weight (30.4 g), leaf area (184.3 cm<sup>2</sup>), green forage yield (31.8 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>), and dry biomass yield (12.7 Mg ha<sup>−1</sup>) compared with the control treatment. Forage quality traits, including crude protein (CP), brix percentage, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL), showed maximum value with the combined application of PM + BC + MUD + 1/2 NPK. ADF and ADL are linked with lower digestibility; therefore, it was concluded that the combined application of PM + BC + MUD + 1/2 NPK can improve the productivity, dry biomass yield, and CP of sorghum, but reduces the digestibility under semi-arid conditions, such as those in Central Pakistan.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/896organic amendmentsNPKdry biomass yieldnutritional qualityforage sorghum |
| spellingShingle | Ahmad Sher Muhammad Adnan Abdul Sattar Sami Ul-Allah Muhammad Ijaz Muhammad Umair Hassan Abdul Manaf Abdul Qayyum Basem H. Elesawy Khadiga Ahmed Ismail Amal F. Gharib Ahmad El Askary Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Amendments Improved the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Forage Sorghum Agronomy organic amendments NPK dry biomass yield nutritional quality forage sorghum |
| title | Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Amendments Improved the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Forage Sorghum |
| title_full | Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Amendments Improved the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Forage Sorghum |
| title_fullStr | Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Amendments Improved the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Forage Sorghum |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Amendments Improved the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Forage Sorghum |
| title_short | Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Amendments Improved the Yield and Nutritional Quality of Forage Sorghum |
| title_sort | combined application of organic and inorganic amendments improved the yield and nutritional quality of forage sorghum |
| topic | organic amendments NPK dry biomass yield nutritional quality forage sorghum |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/4/896 |
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