Functional Role of B Cells in Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven inflammatory disease of blood vessels, and both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in its development. The impact of B cells on atherosclerosis has been demonstrated in numerous studies and B cells have been found in close proximity to atherosclerotic...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/270 |
| _version_ | 1797405970978045952 |
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| author | Shelby D. Ma Marion Mussbacher Elena V. Galkina |
| author_facet | Shelby D. Ma Marion Mussbacher Elena V. Galkina |
| author_sort | Shelby D. Ma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Atherosclerosis is a lipid-driven inflammatory disease of blood vessels, and both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in its development. The impact of B cells on atherosclerosis has been demonstrated in numerous studies and B cells have been found in close proximity to atherosclerotic plaques in humans and mice. B cells exert both atheroprotective and pro-atherogenic functions, which have been associated with their B cell subset attribution. While B1 cells and marginal zone B cells are considered to protect against atherosclerosis, follicular B cells and innate response activator B cells have been shown to promote atherosclerosis. In this review, we shed light on the role of B cells from a different, functional perspective and focus on the three major B cell functions: antibody production, antigen presentation/T cell interaction, and the release of cytokines. All of these functions have the potential to affect atherosclerosis by multiple ways and are dependent on the cellular milieu and the activation status of the B cell. Moreover, we discuss B cell receptor signaling and the mechanism of B cell activation under atherosclerosis-prone conditions. By summarizing current knowledge of B cells in and beyond atherosclerosis, we are pointing out open questions and enabling new perspectives. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:18:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7e512cdd9a0c4eeea1173de8c482ae61 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:18:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e512cdd9a0c4eeea1173de8c482ae612023-12-03T15:13:49ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092021-01-0110227010.3390/cells10020270Functional Role of B Cells in AtherosclerosisShelby D. Ma0Marion Mussbacher1Elena V. Galkina2Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USAInstitute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, AustriaDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USAAtherosclerosis is a lipid-driven inflammatory disease of blood vessels, and both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in its development. The impact of B cells on atherosclerosis has been demonstrated in numerous studies and B cells have been found in close proximity to atherosclerotic plaques in humans and mice. B cells exert both atheroprotective and pro-atherogenic functions, which have been associated with their B cell subset attribution. While B1 cells and marginal zone B cells are considered to protect against atherosclerosis, follicular B cells and innate response activator B cells have been shown to promote atherosclerosis. In this review, we shed light on the role of B cells from a different, functional perspective and focus on the three major B cell functions: antibody production, antigen presentation/T cell interaction, and the release of cytokines. All of these functions have the potential to affect atherosclerosis by multiple ways and are dependent on the cellular milieu and the activation status of the B cell. Moreover, we discuss B cell receptor signaling and the mechanism of B cell activation under atherosclerosis-prone conditions. By summarizing current knowledge of B cells in and beyond atherosclerosis, we are pointing out open questions and enabling new perspectives.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/270atherosclerosisB cellsadaptive immune system |
| spellingShingle | Shelby D. Ma Marion Mussbacher Elena V. Galkina Functional Role of B Cells in Atherosclerosis Cells atherosclerosis B cells adaptive immune system |
| title | Functional Role of B Cells in Atherosclerosis |
| title_full | Functional Role of B Cells in Atherosclerosis |
| title_fullStr | Functional Role of B Cells in Atherosclerosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Role of B Cells in Atherosclerosis |
| title_short | Functional Role of B Cells in Atherosclerosis |
| title_sort | functional role of b cells in atherosclerosis |
| topic | atherosclerosis B cells adaptive immune system |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/10/2/270 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shelbydma functionalroleofbcellsinatherosclerosis AT marionmussbacher functionalroleofbcellsinatherosclerosis AT elenavgalkina functionalroleofbcellsinatherosclerosis |