Organic Residues and Ammonium Effects on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Soil Quality Indicators in Limed Acid Tropical Soils
Aglime (agricultural lime), commonly applied to acid soils to increase the soil pH and productivity, may lead to the release of CO<sub>2</sub> into the atmosphere or to carbon (C) sequestration, although the processes involved are not fully understood. As large acreages of arable land ar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Soil Systems |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/3/1/16 |
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| author | De Shorn E. Bramble Gregory A. Gouveia Ravindra Ramnarine |
| author_facet | De Shorn E. Bramble Gregory A. Gouveia Ravindra Ramnarine |
| author_sort | De Shorn E. Bramble |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aglime (agricultural lime), commonly applied to acid soils to increase the soil pH and productivity, may lead to the release of CO<sub>2</sub> into the atmosphere or to carbon (C) sequestration, although the processes involved are not fully understood. As large acreages of arable land are limed annually, exploring soil management practices that reduce aglime-induced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from acid soils while maintaining or improving the soil quality is paramount to mitigating the effects of global climate change. This study, therefore, assessed the effects of organic residues and ammonium on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and soil quality indicators in two limed soils. Two contrasting acid soils (Nariva series, Mollic Fluvaquents and Piarco series, Typic Kanhaplaquults) were amended with varying combinations of aglime (0% and 0.2% w/w CaCO<sub>3</sub>), organic residue (0% and 5% w/w biochar or poultry litter), and NH<sub>4</sub>-N (0% and 0.02% w/w) and were incubated in 300 mL glass jars for 31 days. The sampling for CO<sub>2</sub> was performed on 11 occasions over the course of the incubation, while soil sampling was conducted at the end. The results indicate that aglime application significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased the cumulative CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in all cases except with the addition of poultry litter. Alternatively, ammonium did not regulate the effect of aglime on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, which was likely because of the low rate at which it was applied in comparison to aglime. The results also showed that poultry litter significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased the soil electrical conductivity (EC), available nitrogen (N), and pH, especially in the Piarco soil, while the hardwood biochar had little to no effect on the soil properties. Our findings indicate the potential for utilizing poultry litter to reduce the impact of aglime on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions while improving the soil quality. Further studies utilizing <sup>13</sup>C to trace aglime CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are, however, required to identify the mechanism(s) that contributed to this reduction in the emissions. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-8789 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T21:45:20Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7e5a09a54b064277a5824bca2cf357f52022-12-22T00:10:55ZengMDPI AGSoil Systems2571-87892019-02-01311610.3390/soilsystems3010016soilsystems3010016Organic Residues and Ammonium Effects on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Soil Quality Indicators in Limed Acid Tropical SoilsDe Shorn E. Bramble0Gregory A. Gouveia1Ravindra Ramnarine2Department of Food Production, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Food Production, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Food Production, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and TobagoAglime (agricultural lime), commonly applied to acid soils to increase the soil pH and productivity, may lead to the release of CO<sub>2</sub> into the atmosphere or to carbon (C) sequestration, although the processes involved are not fully understood. As large acreages of arable land are limed annually, exploring soil management practices that reduce aglime-induced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions from acid soils while maintaining or improving the soil quality is paramount to mitigating the effects of global climate change. This study, therefore, assessed the effects of organic residues and ammonium on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions and soil quality indicators in two limed soils. Two contrasting acid soils (Nariva series, Mollic Fluvaquents and Piarco series, Typic Kanhaplaquults) were amended with varying combinations of aglime (0% and 0.2% w/w CaCO<sub>3</sub>), organic residue (0% and 5% w/w biochar or poultry litter), and NH<sub>4</sub>-N (0% and 0.02% w/w) and were incubated in 300 mL glass jars for 31 days. The sampling for CO<sub>2</sub> was performed on 11 occasions over the course of the incubation, while soil sampling was conducted at the end. The results indicate that aglime application significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased the cumulative CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in all cases except with the addition of poultry litter. Alternatively, ammonium did not regulate the effect of aglime on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, which was likely because of the low rate at which it was applied in comparison to aglime. The results also showed that poultry litter significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) increased the soil electrical conductivity (EC), available nitrogen (N), and pH, especially in the Piarco soil, while the hardwood biochar had little to no effect on the soil properties. Our findings indicate the potential for utilizing poultry litter to reduce the impact of aglime on CO<sub>2</sub> emissions while improving the soil quality. Further studies utilizing <sup>13</sup>C to trace aglime CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are, however, required to identify the mechanism(s) that contributed to this reduction in the emissions.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/3/1/16aglimeacid soilsammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) fertilizercarbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissionscarbon sequestrationorganic residuessoil quality |
| spellingShingle | De Shorn E. Bramble Gregory A. Gouveia Ravindra Ramnarine Organic Residues and Ammonium Effects on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Soil Quality Indicators in Limed Acid Tropical Soils Soil Systems aglime acid soils ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) fertilizer carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions carbon sequestration organic residues soil quality |
| title | Organic Residues and Ammonium Effects on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Soil Quality Indicators in Limed Acid Tropical Soils |
| title_full | Organic Residues and Ammonium Effects on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Soil Quality Indicators in Limed Acid Tropical Soils |
| title_fullStr | Organic Residues and Ammonium Effects on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Soil Quality Indicators in Limed Acid Tropical Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Organic Residues and Ammonium Effects on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Soil Quality Indicators in Limed Acid Tropical Soils |
| title_short | Organic Residues and Ammonium Effects on CO<sub>2</sub> Emissions and Soil Quality Indicators in Limed Acid Tropical Soils |
| title_sort | organic residues and ammonium effects on co sub 2 sub emissions and soil quality indicators in limed acid tropical soils |
| topic | aglime acid soils ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) fertilizer carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions carbon sequestration organic residues soil quality |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-8789/3/1/16 |
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