Mold and Mycotoxin Exposure and Brain Disorders
Gene-environment interaction is an emerging hypothesis to explain the increased incidence of neurological disorders. In this context, the health and clinical effects of exposure to air pollutants have received increasing attention. One of these pollutants is the growth of fungi and molds in the form...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IMR Press
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Integrative Neuroscience |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/22/6/10.31083/j.jin2206137 |
| _version_ | 1797365863577288704 |
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| author | Mojtaba Ehsanifar Reihane Rajati Akram Gholami Joseph P Reiss |
| author_facet | Mojtaba Ehsanifar Reihane Rajati Akram Gholami Joseph P Reiss |
| author_sort | Mojtaba Ehsanifar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gene-environment interaction is an emerging hypothesis to explain the increased incidence of neurological disorders. In this context, the health and clinical effects of exposure to air pollutants have received increasing attention. One of these pollutants is the growth of fungi and molds in the form of multicellular filaments, known as hyphae. Fungi and molds not only grow in outdoor environments, but they also thrive indoors with excessive moisture, producing mycotoxins. Mold enters the body through the nose via the olfactory neurons, which directly communicate with the brain. Mycotoxins induce toxicological effects similar to those associated with brain disorders such as oxidative stress and inflammation. One mold species can produce several different mycotoxins, and one mycotoxin can be produced by several different molds. Even a small amount of mold growth in the air conditioners and their ducts or the panels inside the buildings and even the cars cause the occupants to be chronically exposed to and constantly inhaling spores and mycotoxins, which causes illness. In this review, we focused on mold and mycotoxin exposure and brain disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:55:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7e674607df4642c7969b04d5ad3329a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0219-6352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T16:55:00Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | IMR Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Integrative Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e674607df4642c7969b04d5ad3329a42024-01-05T02:39:08ZengIMR PressJournal of Integrative Neuroscience0219-63522023-10-0122613710.31083/j.jin2206137S0219-6352(23)00581-8Mold and Mycotoxin Exposure and Brain DisordersMojtaba Ehsanifar0Reihane Rajati1Akram Gholami2Joseph P Reiss3Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, 9571786917 Torbat Jam, IranTorbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, 9571786917 Torbat Jam, IranTorbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, 9571786917 Torbat Jam, IranEnvironmental Sciences at Certified Site Safety of New York, LLC, and International Institute of Environmental and Medical Studies, White Plains, NY 10603, USAGene-environment interaction is an emerging hypothesis to explain the increased incidence of neurological disorders. In this context, the health and clinical effects of exposure to air pollutants have received increasing attention. One of these pollutants is the growth of fungi and molds in the form of multicellular filaments, known as hyphae. Fungi and molds not only grow in outdoor environments, but they also thrive indoors with excessive moisture, producing mycotoxins. Mold enters the body through the nose via the olfactory neurons, which directly communicate with the brain. Mycotoxins induce toxicological effects similar to those associated with brain disorders such as oxidative stress and inflammation. One mold species can produce several different mycotoxins, and one mycotoxin can be produced by several different molds. Even a small amount of mold growth in the air conditioners and their ducts or the panels inside the buildings and even the cars cause the occupants to be chronically exposed to and constantly inhaling spores and mycotoxins, which causes illness. In this review, we focused on mold and mycotoxin exposure and brain disorders.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/22/6/10.31083/j.jin2206137moldsoutdoor/indoor environmentsmycotoxinsbrain disorderscognitive impairment |
| spellingShingle | Mojtaba Ehsanifar Reihane Rajati Akram Gholami Joseph P Reiss Mold and Mycotoxin Exposure and Brain Disorders Journal of Integrative Neuroscience molds outdoor/indoor environments mycotoxins brain disorders cognitive impairment |
| title | Mold and Mycotoxin Exposure and Brain Disorders |
| title_full | Mold and Mycotoxin Exposure and Brain Disorders |
| title_fullStr | Mold and Mycotoxin Exposure and Brain Disorders |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mold and Mycotoxin Exposure and Brain Disorders |
| title_short | Mold and Mycotoxin Exposure and Brain Disorders |
| title_sort | mold and mycotoxin exposure and brain disorders |
| topic | molds outdoor/indoor environments mycotoxins brain disorders cognitive impairment |
| url | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/22/6/10.31083/j.jin2206137 |
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