Reduction of Phase and Gain Control Dependencies Within a 20 GHz Beamforming Receiver IC
This paper studies the phase and gain control dependencies of a variable gain amplifier (VGA) and a vector interpolator phase shifter (VIPS) within a 20 GHz beamforming receiver. First, the mechanisms of gain control and phase variation in a classic current-steering VGA are analyzed and design techn...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2023-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10138177/ |
| _version_ | 1797782142519869440 |
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| author | Yuan Chang Brian A. Floyd |
| author_facet | Yuan Chang Brian A. Floyd |
| author_sort | Yuan Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This paper studies the phase and gain control dependencies of a variable gain amplifier (VGA) and a vector interpolator phase shifter (VIPS) within a 20 GHz beamforming receiver. First, the mechanisms of gain control and phase variation in a classic current-steering VGA are analyzed and design techniques are proposed such that the gain-dependent phase variations (GDPV) introduced by the amplifiers are well balanced. Second, similar analysis is performed to evaluate GDPV within a vector interpolator, where we show how the same techniques only partially apply due to the cross-coupling structure of the interpolator’s VGAs. We evaluate our techniques within a 20 GHz beamforming receiver IC realized in GlobalFoundries 45 nm RFSOI. Very low GDPV is observed within the VGA, with less than 0.3-deg. root-mean squared phase variation for a 9 dB gain control, whereas the VIPS achieves worst-case GDPV of 14 deg. The full beamformer channel achieves 29 dB gain, 2.2-2.4 dB noise figure, −26 dBm input 1 dB compression and consumes 111 mW. Based on these results, improvements to the interpolator are proposed and validated through simulation. The result is a near-ideal Cartesian interpolator that has less than 2-deg. GDPV and very low crosstalk between the VGAs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:06:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7e734a6ef81d4cc8bfc8e8a1dffa1b12 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T00:06:50Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e734a6ef81d4cc8bfc8e8a1dffa1b122023-07-12T23:00:10ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362023-01-0111680666807810.1109/ACCESS.2023.328047510138177Reduction of Phase and Gain Control Dependencies Within a 20 GHz Beamforming Receiver ICYuan Chang0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-4244Brian A. Floyd1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1124-2764Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USAThis paper studies the phase and gain control dependencies of a variable gain amplifier (VGA) and a vector interpolator phase shifter (VIPS) within a 20 GHz beamforming receiver. First, the mechanisms of gain control and phase variation in a classic current-steering VGA are analyzed and design techniques are proposed such that the gain-dependent phase variations (GDPV) introduced by the amplifiers are well balanced. Second, similar analysis is performed to evaluate GDPV within a vector interpolator, where we show how the same techniques only partially apply due to the cross-coupling structure of the interpolator’s VGAs. We evaluate our techniques within a 20 GHz beamforming receiver IC realized in GlobalFoundries 45 nm RFSOI. Very low GDPV is observed within the VGA, with less than 0.3-deg. root-mean squared phase variation for a 9 dB gain control, whereas the VIPS achieves worst-case GDPV of 14 deg. The full beamformer channel achieves 29 dB gain, 2.2-2.4 dB noise figure, −26 dBm input 1 dB compression and consumes 111 mW. Based on these results, improvements to the interpolator are proposed and validated through simulation. The result is a near-ideal Cartesian interpolator that has less than 2-deg. GDPV and very low crosstalk between the VGAs.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10138177/Variable gain amplifier (VGA)vector interpolatorphase shiftergain dependent phase variationIQ crosstalkCMOS |
| spellingShingle | Yuan Chang Brian A. Floyd Reduction of Phase and Gain Control Dependencies Within a 20 GHz Beamforming Receiver IC IEEE Access Variable gain amplifier (VGA) vector interpolator phase shifter gain dependent phase variation IQ crosstalk CMOS |
| title | Reduction of Phase and Gain Control Dependencies Within a 20 GHz Beamforming Receiver IC |
| title_full | Reduction of Phase and Gain Control Dependencies Within a 20 GHz Beamforming Receiver IC |
| title_fullStr | Reduction of Phase and Gain Control Dependencies Within a 20 GHz Beamforming Receiver IC |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reduction of Phase and Gain Control Dependencies Within a 20 GHz Beamforming Receiver IC |
| title_short | Reduction of Phase and Gain Control Dependencies Within a 20 GHz Beamforming Receiver IC |
| title_sort | reduction of phase and gain control dependencies within a 20 ghz beamforming receiver ic |
| topic | Variable gain amplifier (VGA) vector interpolator phase shifter gain dependent phase variation IQ crosstalk CMOS |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10138177/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yuanchang reductionofphaseandgaincontroldependencieswithina20ghzbeamformingreceiveric AT brianafloyd reductionofphaseandgaincontroldependencieswithina20ghzbeamformingreceiveric |