Microglia Diversity in Health and Multiple Sclerosis
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by multiple focal lesions, ongoing demyelination and, for most people, a lack of remyelination. MS lesions are enriched with monocyte-derived macrophages and brain-resident microglia that, together, are likely responsible for much...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.588021/full |
| _version_ | 1819170060867993600 |
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| author | Sameera Zia Khalil S. Rawji Nathan J. Michaels Mena Burr Bradley J. Kerr Bradley J. Kerr Luke M. Healy Jason R. Plemel Jason R. Plemel |
| author_facet | Sameera Zia Khalil S. Rawji Nathan J. Michaels Mena Burr Bradley J. Kerr Bradley J. Kerr Luke M. Healy Jason R. Plemel Jason R. Plemel |
| author_sort | Sameera Zia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by multiple focal lesions, ongoing demyelination and, for most people, a lack of remyelination. MS lesions are enriched with monocyte-derived macrophages and brain-resident microglia that, together, are likely responsible for much of the immune-mediated neurotoxicity. However, microglia and macrophage also have documented neuroprotective and regenerative roles, suggesting a potential diversity in their functions. Linked with microglial functional diversity, they take on diverse phenotypes developmentally, regionally and across disease conditions. Advances in technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing and mass cytometry of immune cells has led to dramatic developments in understanding the phenotypic changes of microglia and macrophages. This review highlights the origins of microglia, their heterogeneity throughout normal ageing and their contribution to pathology and repair, with a specific focus on autoimmunity and MS. As phenotype dictates function, the emerging heterogeneity of microglia and macrophage populations in MS offers new insights into the potential immune mechanisms that result in inflammation and regeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T19:29:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7e764c1892a24efd8333c128f3e43c0f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T19:29:24Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e764c1892a24efd8333c128f3e43c0f2022-12-21T18:15:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-11-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.588021588021Microglia Diversity in Health and Multiple SclerosisSameera Zia0Khalil S. Rawji1Nathan J. Michaels2Mena Burr3Bradley J. Kerr4Bradley J. Kerr5Luke M. Healy6Jason R. Plemel7Jason R. Plemel8Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaWellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Campus, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United KingdomMinistry of Health, British Columbia Government, Victoria, BC, CanadaNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaDepartment of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaNeuroimmunology Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute and Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, CanadaNeuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaDepartment of Medicine, Division of Neurology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, CanadaMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by multiple focal lesions, ongoing demyelination and, for most people, a lack of remyelination. MS lesions are enriched with monocyte-derived macrophages and brain-resident microglia that, together, are likely responsible for much of the immune-mediated neurotoxicity. However, microglia and macrophage also have documented neuroprotective and regenerative roles, suggesting a potential diversity in their functions. Linked with microglial functional diversity, they take on diverse phenotypes developmentally, regionally and across disease conditions. Advances in technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing and mass cytometry of immune cells has led to dramatic developments in understanding the phenotypic changes of microglia and macrophages. This review highlights the origins of microglia, their heterogeneity throughout normal ageing and their contribution to pathology and repair, with a specific focus on autoimmunity and MS. As phenotype dictates function, the emerging heterogeneity of microglia and macrophage populations in MS offers new insights into the potential immune mechanisms that result in inflammation and regeneration.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.588021/fullmicrogliamacrophagessingle-cell analysissingle-cell RNA sequencingmultiple sclerosisremyelination |
| spellingShingle | Sameera Zia Khalil S. Rawji Nathan J. Michaels Mena Burr Bradley J. Kerr Bradley J. Kerr Luke M. Healy Jason R. Plemel Jason R. Plemel Microglia Diversity in Health and Multiple Sclerosis Frontiers in Immunology microglia macrophages single-cell analysis single-cell RNA sequencing multiple sclerosis remyelination |
| title | Microglia Diversity in Health and Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_full | Microglia Diversity in Health and Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_fullStr | Microglia Diversity in Health and Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microglia Diversity in Health and Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_short | Microglia Diversity in Health and Multiple Sclerosis |
| title_sort | microglia diversity in health and multiple sclerosis |
| topic | microglia macrophages single-cell analysis single-cell RNA sequencing multiple sclerosis remyelination |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.588021/full |
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