A Bluetooth 5 Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Vehicular Scenarios
The limitations of many IoT devices in terms of storage, computing power and energy consumption require them to be connected to other devices when performing computationally intensive tasks, as happens with IoT systems based on edge computing architectures. However, the lack of wireless connectivity...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Engineering Proceedings |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/27/1/66 |
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| author | Ángel Niebla-Montero Iván Froiz-Míguez Paula Fraga-Lamas Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés |
| author_facet | Ángel Niebla-Montero Iván Froiz-Míguez Paula Fraga-Lamas Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés |
| author_sort | Ángel Niebla-Montero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The limitations of many IoT devices in terms of storage, computing power and energy consumption require them to be connected to other devices when performing computationally intensive tasks, as happens with IoT systems based on edge computing architectures. However, the lack of wireless connectivity in the places where IoT nodes are deployed or through which they move is still a problem. One of the solutions to mitigate this problem involves using opportunistic networks, which provide connectivity and processing resources efficiently while reducing the communications traffic with remote clouds. Thus, opportunistic networks are helpful in situations when wireless communication coverage is not available, as occurs in certain rural areas, during natural disasters, in wars or when other factors cause network disruptions, as well as in other IoT scenarios in which the cloud becomes saturated (for example, due to an excessive amount of concurrent communications or when denial-of-service (DoS) attacks occur). This article presents the design and initial validation of a novel opportunistic edge computing (OEC) system based on Bluetooth 5 and the use of low-cost single-board computers (SBCs). After describing the proposed OEC system, experimental results are presented for a real opportunistic vehicular IoT scenario. Specifically, the latency and packet loss are measured thanks to the use of an experimental testbed made of two separate IoT networks (each conformed by an IoT node and an OEC gateway): one located in a remote office and another one inside a moving vehicle, which was driven at different vehicular speeds. The obtained results show average latencies ranging from 716 to 955 ms with packet losses between 7% and 27%. As a result, the developed system is useful for providing opportunistic services to moving IoT nodes with relatively low latency requirements. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:35:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7e8bad1f25dc495b81d6294d02770956 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-4591 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:35:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Engineering Proceedings |
| spelling | doaj.art-7e8bad1f25dc495b81d6294d027709562023-11-17T10:55:12ZengMDPI AGEngineering Proceedings2673-45912022-11-012716610.3390/ecsa-9-13214A Bluetooth 5 Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Vehicular ScenariosÁngel Niebla-Montero0Iván Froiz-Míguez1Paula Fraga-Lamas2Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés3Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, SpainDepartment of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, SpainDepartment of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, SpainDepartment of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Computer Science, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, SpainThe limitations of many IoT devices in terms of storage, computing power and energy consumption require them to be connected to other devices when performing computationally intensive tasks, as happens with IoT systems based on edge computing architectures. However, the lack of wireless connectivity in the places where IoT nodes are deployed or through which they move is still a problem. One of the solutions to mitigate this problem involves using opportunistic networks, which provide connectivity and processing resources efficiently while reducing the communications traffic with remote clouds. Thus, opportunistic networks are helpful in situations when wireless communication coverage is not available, as occurs in certain rural areas, during natural disasters, in wars or when other factors cause network disruptions, as well as in other IoT scenarios in which the cloud becomes saturated (for example, due to an excessive amount of concurrent communications or when denial-of-service (DoS) attacks occur). This article presents the design and initial validation of a novel opportunistic edge computing (OEC) system based on Bluetooth 5 and the use of low-cost single-board computers (SBCs). After describing the proposed OEC system, experimental results are presented for a real opportunistic vehicular IoT scenario. Specifically, the latency and packet loss are measured thanks to the use of an experimental testbed made of two separate IoT networks (each conformed by an IoT node and an OEC gateway): one located in a remote office and another one inside a moving vehicle, which was driven at different vehicular speeds. The obtained results show average latencies ranging from 716 to 955 ms with packet losses between 7% and 27%. As a result, the developed system is useful for providing opportunistic services to moving IoT nodes with relatively low latency requirements.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/27/1/66IoTBluetooth 5opportunistic edge computingedge computingvehicular scenarios |
| spellingShingle | Ángel Niebla-Montero Iván Froiz-Míguez Paula Fraga-Lamas Tiago M. Fernández-Caramés A Bluetooth 5 Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Vehicular Scenarios Engineering Proceedings IoT Bluetooth 5 opportunistic edge computing edge computing vehicular scenarios |
| title | A Bluetooth 5 Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Vehicular Scenarios |
| title_full | A Bluetooth 5 Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Vehicular Scenarios |
| title_fullStr | A Bluetooth 5 Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Vehicular Scenarios |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Bluetooth 5 Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Vehicular Scenarios |
| title_short | A Bluetooth 5 Opportunistic Edge Computing System for Vehicular Scenarios |
| title_sort | bluetooth 5 opportunistic edge computing system for vehicular scenarios |
| topic | IoT Bluetooth 5 opportunistic edge computing edge computing vehicular scenarios |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4591/27/1/66 |
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