Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forests
Elucidating how environmental factors drive plant species distributions and how they affect latitudinal diversity gradients, remain essential questions in ecology and biogeography. In this study we aimed: 1) to investigate the relationships between all three diversity attributes, i.e., taxonomic div...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.978299/full |
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| author | Celina Ben Saadi Luis Cayuela Guillermo Bañares de Dios Julia G. de Aledo Julia G. de Aledo Laura Matas-Granados Laura Matas-Granados Norma Salinas Norma Salinas María de los Ángeles La Torre Cuadros María de los Ángeles La Torre Cuadros Manuel J. Macía Manuel J. Macía |
| author_facet | Celina Ben Saadi Luis Cayuela Guillermo Bañares de Dios Julia G. de Aledo Julia G. de Aledo Laura Matas-Granados Laura Matas-Granados Norma Salinas Norma Salinas María de los Ángeles La Torre Cuadros María de los Ángeles La Torre Cuadros Manuel J. Macía Manuel J. Macía |
| author_sort | Celina Ben Saadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Elucidating how environmental factors drive plant species distributions and how they affect latitudinal diversity gradients, remain essential questions in ecology and biogeography. In this study we aimed: 1) to investigate the relationships between all three diversity attributes, i.e., taxonomic diversity (TD), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD); 2) to quantify the latitudinal variation in these diversity attributes in western Amazonian terra firme forests; and 3) to understand how climatic and edaphic drivers contribute to explaining diversity patterns. We inventoried ca. 15,000 individuals from ca. 1,250 species, and obtained functional trait records for ca. 5,000 woody plant individuals in 50 plots of 0.1 ha located in five terra firme forest sites spread over a latitudinal gradient of 1200 km covering ca. 10°C in latitude in western Amazonia. We calculated all three diversity attributes using Hill numbers: q = 0 (richness), q = 1 (richness weighted by relative abundance), and q = 2 (richness weighted by dominance). Generalized linear mixed models were constructed for each diversity attribute to test the effects of different uncorrelated environmental predictors comprising the temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, soil pH and soil bulk density, as well as accounting for the effect of spatial autocorrelation, i.e., plots aggregated within sites. We confirmed that TD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), FD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), and PD (q = 0) increased monotonically towards the Equator following the latitudinal diversity gradient. The importance of rare species could explain the lack of a pattern for PD (q = 1 and q = 2). Temperature seasonality, which was highly correlated with latitude, and annual precipitation were the main environmental drivers of variations in TD, FD, and PD. All three diversity attributes increased with lower temperature seasonality, higher annual precipitation, and lower soil pH. We confirmed the existence of latitudinal diversity gradients for TD, FD, and PD in hyperdiverse Amazonian terra firme forests. Our results agree well with the predictions of the environmental filtering principle and the favourability hypothesis, even acting in a 10°C latitudinal range within tropical climates. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:09:11Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T17:09:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7e93bb640691417d8f569dbca20c0e792022-12-22T04:12:57ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2022-10-011310.3389/fpls.2022.978299978299Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forestsCelina Ben Saadi0Luis Cayuela1Guillermo Bañares de Dios2Julia G. de Aledo3Julia G. de Aledo4Laura Matas-Granados5Laura Matas-Granados6Norma Salinas7Norma Salinas8María de los Ángeles La Torre Cuadros9María de los Ángeles La Torre Cuadros10Manuel J. Macía11Manuel J. Macía12Departamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainDepartmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, SpainDepartmento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Móstoles, SpainDepartamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainSección Quíımica, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, PeruSchool of Geography and Environment, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, United KingdomDepartamento de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Científica del Sur, Villa el Salvador, PeruDepartamento de Manejo Forestal, Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina, Lima, PeruDepartamento de Biología, Área de Botánica, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainCentro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Cambio Global (CIBC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, SpainElucidating how environmental factors drive plant species distributions and how they affect latitudinal diversity gradients, remain essential questions in ecology and biogeography. In this study we aimed: 1) to investigate the relationships between all three diversity attributes, i.e., taxonomic diversity (TD), functional diversity (FD), and phylogenetic diversity (PD); 2) to quantify the latitudinal variation in these diversity attributes in western Amazonian terra firme forests; and 3) to understand how climatic and edaphic drivers contribute to explaining diversity patterns. We inventoried ca. 15,000 individuals from ca. 1,250 species, and obtained functional trait records for ca. 5,000 woody plant individuals in 50 plots of 0.1 ha located in five terra firme forest sites spread over a latitudinal gradient of 1200 km covering ca. 10°C in latitude in western Amazonia. We calculated all three diversity attributes using Hill numbers: q = 0 (richness), q = 1 (richness weighted by relative abundance), and q = 2 (richness weighted by dominance). Generalized linear mixed models were constructed for each diversity attribute to test the effects of different uncorrelated environmental predictors comprising the temperature seasonality, annual precipitation, soil pH and soil bulk density, as well as accounting for the effect of spatial autocorrelation, i.e., plots aggregated within sites. We confirmed that TD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), FD (q = 0, q = 1, and q = 2), and PD (q = 0) increased monotonically towards the Equator following the latitudinal diversity gradient. The importance of rare species could explain the lack of a pattern for PD (q = 1 and q = 2). Temperature seasonality, which was highly correlated with latitude, and annual precipitation were the main environmental drivers of variations in TD, FD, and PD. All three diversity attributes increased with lower temperature seasonality, higher annual precipitation, and lower soil pH. We confirmed the existence of latitudinal diversity gradients for TD, FD, and PD in hyperdiverse Amazonian terra firme forests. Our results agree well with the predictions of the environmental filtering principle and the favourability hypothesis, even acting in a 10°C latitudinal range within tropical climates.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.978299/fulllatitudinal diversity gradienttaxonomic diversity (TD)functional diversity (FD)phylogenetic diversity (PD)environmental filteringfavourability hypothesis |
| spellingShingle | Celina Ben Saadi Luis Cayuela Guillermo Bañares de Dios Julia G. de Aledo Julia G. de Aledo Laura Matas-Granados Laura Matas-Granados Norma Salinas Norma Salinas María de los Ángeles La Torre Cuadros María de los Ángeles La Torre Cuadros Manuel J. Macía Manuel J. Macía Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forests Frontiers in Plant Science latitudinal diversity gradient taxonomic diversity (TD) functional diversity (FD) phylogenetic diversity (PD) environmental filtering favourability hypothesis |
| title | Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forests |
| title_full | Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forests |
| title_fullStr | Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forests |
| title_full_unstemmed | Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forests |
| title_short | Latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western Amazonian terra firme forests |
| title_sort | latitudinal patterns and environmental drivers of taxonomic functional and phylogenetic diversity of woody plants in western amazonian terra firme forests |
| topic | latitudinal diversity gradient taxonomic diversity (TD) functional diversity (FD) phylogenetic diversity (PD) environmental filtering favourability hypothesis |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2022.978299/full |
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