Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and Nanotechnologies
Biofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1870 |
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| author | Harinash Rao Sulin Choo Sri Raja Rajeswari Mahalingam Diajeng Sekar Adisuri Priya Madhavan Abdah Md. Akim Pei Pei Chong |
| author_facet | Harinash Rao Sulin Choo Sri Raja Rajeswari Mahalingam Diajeng Sekar Adisuri Priya Madhavan Abdah Md. Akim Pei Pei Chong |
| author_sort | Harinash Rao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulation of drug efflux pumps, (6) point mutation and overexpression of resistance genes, and (7) presence of persister cells. The genes involved and their implications in antimicrobial resistance are well defined for bacterial biofilms but are understudied in fungal biofilms. Potential therapeutics for biofilm mitigation that have been reported include (1) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, (2) antimicrobial lock therapy, (3) antimicrobial peptides, (4) electrical methods, and (5) antimicrobial coatings. These approaches exhibit promising characteristics for addressing the impending crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recently, advances in the micro- and nanotechnology field have propelled the development of novel biomaterials and approaches to combat biofilms either independently, in combination or as antimicrobial delivery systems. In this review, we will summarize the general principles of clinically important microbial biofilm formation with a focus on fungal biofilms. We will delve into the details of some novel micro- and nanotechnology approaches that have been developed to combat biofilms and the possibility of utilizing them in a clinical setting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:53:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ea773ec902a43d6bf91a9c898e32b3d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:53:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ea773ec902a43d6bf91a9c898e32b3d2023-11-21T12:07:16ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-03-01267187010.3390/molecules26071870Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and NanotechnologiesHarinash Rao0Sulin Choo1Sri Raja Rajeswari Mahalingam2Diajeng Sekar Adisuri3Priya Madhavan4Abdah Md. Akim5Pei Pei Chong6School of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, MalaysiaSchool of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, MalaysiaSchool of Pharmacy, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, MalaysiaSchool of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, MalaysiaSchool of Medicine, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, MalaysiaDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, MalaysiaSchool of Biosciences, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, MalaysiaBiofilms play an essential role in chronic and healthcare-associated infections and are more resistant to antimicrobials compared to their planktonic counterparts due to their (1) physiological state, (2) cell density, (3) quorum sensing abilities, (4) presence of extracellular matrix, (5) upregulation of drug efflux pumps, (6) point mutation and overexpression of resistance genes, and (7) presence of persister cells. The genes involved and their implications in antimicrobial resistance are well defined for bacterial biofilms but are understudied in fungal biofilms. Potential therapeutics for biofilm mitigation that have been reported include (1) antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, (2) antimicrobial lock therapy, (3) antimicrobial peptides, (4) electrical methods, and (5) antimicrobial coatings. These approaches exhibit promising characteristics for addressing the impending crisis of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Recently, advances in the micro- and nanotechnology field have propelled the development of novel biomaterials and approaches to combat biofilms either independently, in combination or as antimicrobial delivery systems. In this review, we will summarize the general principles of clinically important microbial biofilm formation with a focus on fungal biofilms. We will delve into the details of some novel micro- and nanotechnology approaches that have been developed to combat biofilms and the possibility of utilizing them in a clinical setting.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1870microtechnologynanotechnologybiofilm-related resistance |
| spellingShingle | Harinash Rao Sulin Choo Sri Raja Rajeswari Mahalingam Diajeng Sekar Adisuri Priya Madhavan Abdah Md. Akim Pei Pei Chong Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and Nanotechnologies Molecules microtechnology nanotechnology biofilm-related resistance |
| title | Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and Nanotechnologies |
| title_full | Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and Nanotechnologies |
| title_fullStr | Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and Nanotechnologies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and Nanotechnologies |
| title_short | Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and Nanotechnologies |
| title_sort | approaches for mitigating microbial biofilm related drug resistance a focus on micro and nanotechnologies |
| topic | microtechnology nanotechnology biofilm-related resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/7/1870 |
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