Orchestrated Cytokines Mediated by Biologics in Psoriasis and Its Mechanisms of Action
Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease mediated by disturbed T cells and other immune cells, and is defined by deep-red, well-demarcated skin lesions. Due to its varied etiologies and indefinite standard pathogenesis, it is challenging to consider the right treatment exclusively for each psoriasis patie...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Biomedicines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/2/498 |
| _version_ | 1797482344996667392 |
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| author | Aina Akmal Mohd Noor Maryam Azlan Norhanani Mohd Redzwan |
| author_facet | Aina Akmal Mohd Noor Maryam Azlan Norhanani Mohd Redzwan |
| author_sort | Aina Akmal Mohd Noor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Psoriasis is an autoimmune disease mediated by disturbed T cells and other immune cells, and is defined by deep-red, well-demarcated skin lesions. Due to its varied etiologies and indefinite standard pathogenesis, it is challenging to consider the right treatment exclusively for each psoriasis patient; thus, researchers yearn to seek even more precise treatments other than topical treatment and systemic therapy. Using biologics to target specific immune components, such as upregulated cytokines secreted by activated immune cells, is the most advanced therapy for psoriasis to date. By inhibiting the appropriate pro-inflammatory cytokines, cellular signaling can be altered and, thus, can inhibit further downstream inflammatory pathways. Herein, the roles of cytokines with their mechanisms of action in progressing psoriasis and how the usage of biologics alleviates cellular inflammation are discussed. In addition, other potential pro-inflammatory cytokines, with their mechanism of action, are presented herein. The authors hope that this gathered information may benefit future research in expanding the discovery of targeted psoriasis therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:30:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7eb13c8c90114ee88c47cd2239beb1c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:30:58Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-7eb13c8c90114ee88c47cd2239beb1c42023-11-23T18:56:34ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592022-02-0110249810.3390/biomedicines10020498Orchestrated Cytokines Mediated by Biologics in Psoriasis and Its Mechanisms of ActionAina Akmal Mohd Noor0Maryam Azlan1Norhanani Mohd Redzwan2Immunology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaSchool of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaImmunology Department, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, MalaysiaPsoriasis is an autoimmune disease mediated by disturbed T cells and other immune cells, and is defined by deep-red, well-demarcated skin lesions. Due to its varied etiologies and indefinite standard pathogenesis, it is challenging to consider the right treatment exclusively for each psoriasis patient; thus, researchers yearn to seek even more precise treatments other than topical treatment and systemic therapy. Using biologics to target specific immune components, such as upregulated cytokines secreted by activated immune cells, is the most advanced therapy for psoriasis to date. By inhibiting the appropriate pro-inflammatory cytokines, cellular signaling can be altered and, thus, can inhibit further downstream inflammatory pathways. Herein, the roles of cytokines with their mechanisms of action in progressing psoriasis and how the usage of biologics alleviates cellular inflammation are discussed. In addition, other potential pro-inflammatory cytokines, with their mechanism of action, are presented herein. The authors hope that this gathered information may benefit future research in expanding the discovery of targeted psoriasis therapy.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/2/498psoriasisbiologicsinhibitorscytokinesimmune cellsautoimmune disease |
| spellingShingle | Aina Akmal Mohd Noor Maryam Azlan Norhanani Mohd Redzwan Orchestrated Cytokines Mediated by Biologics in Psoriasis and Its Mechanisms of Action Biomedicines psoriasis biologics inhibitors cytokines immune cells autoimmune disease |
| title | Orchestrated Cytokines Mediated by Biologics in Psoriasis and Its Mechanisms of Action |
| title_full | Orchestrated Cytokines Mediated by Biologics in Psoriasis and Its Mechanisms of Action |
| title_fullStr | Orchestrated Cytokines Mediated by Biologics in Psoriasis and Its Mechanisms of Action |
| title_full_unstemmed | Orchestrated Cytokines Mediated by Biologics in Psoriasis and Its Mechanisms of Action |
| title_short | Orchestrated Cytokines Mediated by Biologics in Psoriasis and Its Mechanisms of Action |
| title_sort | orchestrated cytokines mediated by biologics in psoriasis and its mechanisms of action |
| topic | psoriasis biologics inhibitors cytokines immune cells autoimmune disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/10/2/498 |
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