Microbial diversity in camel milk from Xinjiang, China as revealed by metataxonomic analysis
The quality of raw camel milk is affected by its bacterial composition and diversity. However, few studies have investigated the bacterial composition and diversity of raw camel milk. In this study, we obtained 20 samples of camel milk during spring and summer in Urumqi and Hami, Xinjiang, China. Si...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1367116/full |
| _version_ | 1797264991522390016 |
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| author | Miao Sun Miao Sun Wei Shao Zhengyu Liu Zhengyu Liu Xianlan Ma He Chen Nan Zheng Yankun Zhao Yankun Zhao |
| author_facet | Miao Sun Miao Sun Wei Shao Zhengyu Liu Zhengyu Liu Xianlan Ma He Chen Nan Zheng Yankun Zhao Yankun Zhao |
| author_sort | Miao Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The quality of raw camel milk is affected by its bacterial composition and diversity. However, few studies have investigated the bacterial composition and diversity of raw camel milk. In this study, we obtained 20 samples of camel milk during spring and summer in Urumqi and Hami, Xinjiang, China. Single-molecule real-time sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial community composition. The results revealed that there were significant seasonal differences in the bacterial composition and diversity of camel milk. Overall, Epilithonimonas was the most abundant bacterial genus in our samples. Through the annotated genes inferred by PICRUSt2 were mapped against KEGG database. Non-parametric analysis of the bacterial community prediction function revealed a strong bacterial interdependence with metabolic pathways (81.83%). There were clear regional and seasonal differences in level 3 metabolic pathways such as fat, vitamins, and amino acids in camel milk. In addition, we identified lactic acid bacteria in camel milk with antibacterial and anti-tumor activities. Our findings revealed that camel milk from Xinjiang had serious risk of contamination by psychrophilic and pathogenic bacteria. Our research established a crucial theoretical foundation for ensuring the quality and safety of camel milk, thereby contributing significantly to the robust growth of China’s camel milk industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:37:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7eb16e5c81b044cd876846132a0db004 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:37:42Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7eb16e5c81b044cd876846132a0db0042024-03-12T14:01:20ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2024-03-011510.3389/fmicb.2024.13671161367116Microbial diversity in camel milk from Xinjiang, China as revealed by metataxonomic analysisMiao Sun0Miao Sun1Wei Shao2Zhengyu Liu3Zhengyu Liu4Xianlan Ma5He Chen6Nan Zheng7Yankun Zhao8Yankun Zhao9Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, ChinaCollege of Animal Science Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, ChinaCollege of Animal Science Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, ChinaInstitute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, ChinaCollege of Animal Science Xinjiang Agriculture University, Urumqi, ChinaInstitute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, ChinaInstitute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, ChinaMinistry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products, Ministry of Agriculture, Urumqi, ChinaMinistry of Agriculture Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Dairy Products, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, ChinaThe quality of raw camel milk is affected by its bacterial composition and diversity. However, few studies have investigated the bacterial composition and diversity of raw camel milk. In this study, we obtained 20 samples of camel milk during spring and summer in Urumqi and Hami, Xinjiang, China. Single-molecule real-time sequencing technology was used to analyze the bacterial community composition. The results revealed that there were significant seasonal differences in the bacterial composition and diversity of camel milk. Overall, Epilithonimonas was the most abundant bacterial genus in our samples. Through the annotated genes inferred by PICRUSt2 were mapped against KEGG database. Non-parametric analysis of the bacterial community prediction function revealed a strong bacterial interdependence with metabolic pathways (81.83%). There were clear regional and seasonal differences in level 3 metabolic pathways such as fat, vitamins, and amino acids in camel milk. In addition, we identified lactic acid bacteria in camel milk with antibacterial and anti-tumor activities. Our findings revealed that camel milk from Xinjiang had serious risk of contamination by psychrophilic and pathogenic bacteria. Our research established a crucial theoretical foundation for ensuring the quality and safety of camel milk, thereby contributing significantly to the robust growth of China’s camel milk industry.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1367116/fullcamel milksingle molecule real-timebacterial diversitypsychrophilic bacteriapathogenic bacteria |
| spellingShingle | Miao Sun Miao Sun Wei Shao Zhengyu Liu Zhengyu Liu Xianlan Ma He Chen Nan Zheng Yankun Zhao Yankun Zhao Microbial diversity in camel milk from Xinjiang, China as revealed by metataxonomic analysis Frontiers in Microbiology camel milk single molecule real-time bacterial diversity psychrophilic bacteria pathogenic bacteria |
| title | Microbial diversity in camel milk from Xinjiang, China as revealed by metataxonomic analysis |
| title_full | Microbial diversity in camel milk from Xinjiang, China as revealed by metataxonomic analysis |
| title_fullStr | Microbial diversity in camel milk from Xinjiang, China as revealed by metataxonomic analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial diversity in camel milk from Xinjiang, China as revealed by metataxonomic analysis |
| title_short | Microbial diversity in camel milk from Xinjiang, China as revealed by metataxonomic analysis |
| title_sort | microbial diversity in camel milk from xinjiang china as revealed by metataxonomic analysis |
| topic | camel milk single molecule real-time bacterial diversity psychrophilic bacteria pathogenic bacteria |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1367116/full |
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