Acanthopanax senticosus improves cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease by promoting the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway
BackgroundAcanthopanax senticosus (AS) can improve sleep, enhance memory, and reduce fatigue and is considered as an effective drug for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The therapeutic effect and mechanism need to be further investigated.MethodsTo confirm the AS play efficacy in alleviating memory impairme...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383464/full |
| _version_ | 1797263675213479936 |
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| author | Zhichun Zhang Zhichun Zhang Yonghui Wu Dan Shi Chanyu Jiang Hengyan Cao Fengyi Jiang Xiaomin Bao Yan Shen Xiao Shi |
| author_facet | Zhichun Zhang Zhichun Zhang Yonghui Wu Dan Shi Chanyu Jiang Hengyan Cao Fengyi Jiang Xiaomin Bao Yan Shen Xiao Shi |
| author_sort | Zhichun Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundAcanthopanax senticosus (AS) can improve sleep, enhance memory, and reduce fatigue and is considered as an effective drug for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The therapeutic effect and mechanism need to be further investigated.MethodsTo confirm the AS play efficacy in alleviating memory impairment in mice, 5×FAD transgenic mice were subjected to an open-field experiment and a novelty recognition experiment. Network pharmacology technique was used to analyze the information of key compounds and potential key targets of AS for the treatment of AD, molecular docking technique was applied to predict the binding ability of targets and compounds, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were also performed on the targets to derive the possible metabolic processes and pathway mechanisms of AS in treating AD. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot technique were carried out to validate the candidate genes and pathways.ResultsIn the open-field experiment, compared with the wild-type (WT) group, the number of times the mice in the AD group crossed the central zone was significantly reduced (P< 0.01). Compared with the AD group, the number of times the mice in the AS group crossed the central zone was significantly increased (P< 0.001). In the new object recognition experiment, compared with the WT group, the percentage of times the AD group explored new objects was significantly reduced (P< 0.05). Compared with the AD group, the AS group had an increase in the percentage of time spent exploring new things and the number of times it was explored (P< 0.05). At the same time, the donepezil group had a significantly higher percentage of times exploring new things (P< 0.01). By using network pharmacology technology, 395 common targets of AS and AD were retrieved. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of common targets. Using the algorithm, nine key targets were retrieved: APP, NTRK1, ESR1, CFTR, CSNK2A1, EGFR, ESR2, GSK3B, and PAK1. The results of molecular docking indicate that 11 pairs of compounds and their corresponding targets have a significant binding ability, as the molecular binding energies were less than -7.0. In comparison to the AD group, the mRNA expression of the key target genes was significantly decreased in the AS treatment group (P< 0.001). The KEGG analysis showed that the MAPK signaling pathway was significantly enriched, and Western blot confirmed that the TRAF6 protein decreased significantly (P< 0.0001). Meanwhile, the levels of MAP3K7 and P38 phosphorylation increased, and there was also an increase in the expression of HSP27 proteins.ConclusionOur study indicates that the multi-component and multi-target properties of AS play an important role in the alleviation of anxiety and memory impairment caused by AD, and the mechanism is involved in the phosphorylation and activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. The results of this study could provide a novel perspective for the clinical treatment of AD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:16:46Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:16:46Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ebbfd54920447a2b60d13f2fde951362024-03-13T04:25:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-03-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.13834641383464Acanthopanax senticosus improves cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease by promoting the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathwayZhichun Zhang0Zhichun Zhang1Yonghui Wu2Dan Shi3Chanyu Jiang4Hengyan Cao5Fengyi Jiang6Xiaomin Bao7Yan Shen8Xiao Shi9Department of Gerontology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaGraduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaGraduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Gerontology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaGraduate School of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Gerontology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Gerontology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Gerontology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Gerontology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaDepartment of Gerontology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai, ChinaBackgroundAcanthopanax senticosus (AS) can improve sleep, enhance memory, and reduce fatigue and is considered as an effective drug for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The therapeutic effect and mechanism need to be further investigated.MethodsTo confirm the AS play efficacy in alleviating memory impairment in mice, 5×FAD transgenic mice were subjected to an open-field experiment and a novelty recognition experiment. Network pharmacology technique was used to analyze the information of key compounds and potential key targets of AS for the treatment of AD, molecular docking technique was applied to predict the binding ability of targets and compounds, and Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were also performed on the targets to derive the possible metabolic processes and pathway mechanisms of AS in treating AD. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot technique were carried out to validate the candidate genes and pathways.ResultsIn the open-field experiment, compared with the wild-type (WT) group, the number of times the mice in the AD group crossed the central zone was significantly reduced (P< 0.01). Compared with the AD group, the number of times the mice in the AS group crossed the central zone was significantly increased (P< 0.001). In the new object recognition experiment, compared with the WT group, the percentage of times the AD group explored new objects was significantly reduced (P< 0.05). Compared with the AD group, the AS group had an increase in the percentage of time spent exploring new things and the number of times it was explored (P< 0.05). At the same time, the donepezil group had a significantly higher percentage of times exploring new things (P< 0.01). By using network pharmacology technology, 395 common targets of AS and AD were retrieved. The Cytoscape software was used to construct the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network of common targets. Using the algorithm, nine key targets were retrieved: APP, NTRK1, ESR1, CFTR, CSNK2A1, EGFR, ESR2, GSK3B, and PAK1. The results of molecular docking indicate that 11 pairs of compounds and their corresponding targets have a significant binding ability, as the molecular binding energies were less than -7.0. In comparison to the AD group, the mRNA expression of the key target genes was significantly decreased in the AS treatment group (P< 0.001). The KEGG analysis showed that the MAPK signaling pathway was significantly enriched, and Western blot confirmed that the TRAF6 protein decreased significantly (P< 0.0001). Meanwhile, the levels of MAP3K7 and P38 phosphorylation increased, and there was also an increase in the expression of HSP27 proteins.ConclusionOur study indicates that the multi-component and multi-target properties of AS play an important role in the alleviation of anxiety and memory impairment caused by AD, and the mechanism is involved in the phosphorylation and activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. The results of this study could provide a novel perspective for the clinical treatment of AD.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383464/fullAcanthopanax senticosusAlzheimer’s diseasenetwork pharmacologyMAPK signaling pathwayneuroinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Zhichun Zhang Zhichun Zhang Yonghui Wu Dan Shi Chanyu Jiang Hengyan Cao Fengyi Jiang Xiaomin Bao Yan Shen Xiao Shi Acanthopanax senticosus improves cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease by promoting the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway Frontiers in Immunology Acanthopanax senticosus Alzheimer’s disease network pharmacology MAPK signaling pathway neuroinflammation |
| title | Acanthopanax senticosus improves cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease by promoting the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway |
| title_full | Acanthopanax senticosus improves cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease by promoting the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway |
| title_fullStr | Acanthopanax senticosus improves cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease by promoting the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acanthopanax senticosus improves cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease by promoting the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway |
| title_short | Acanthopanax senticosus improves cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease by promoting the phosphorylation of the MAPK signaling pathway |
| title_sort | acanthopanax senticosus improves cognitive impairment in alzheimer s disease by promoting the phosphorylation of the mapk signaling pathway |
| topic | Acanthopanax senticosus Alzheimer’s disease network pharmacology MAPK signaling pathway neuroinflammation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1383464/full |
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