5-Methoxyindole, a Chemical Homolog of Melatonin, Adversely Affects the Phytopathogenic Fungus <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>
<i>Fusarium graminearum</i> is a destructive fungal pathogen that threatens the production and quality of wheat, and controlling this pathogen is a significant challenge. As the cost-effective homolog of melatonin, 5-methoxyindole showed strong activity against <i>F. graminearum.&l...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/20/10991 |
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| author | Mengmeng Kong Jing Liang Qurban Ali Wen Wen Huijun Wu Xuewen Gao Qin Gu |
| author_facet | Mengmeng Kong Jing Liang Qurban Ali Wen Wen Huijun Wu Xuewen Gao Qin Gu |
| author_sort | Mengmeng Kong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> is a destructive fungal pathogen that threatens the production and quality of wheat, and controlling this pathogen is a significant challenge. As the cost-effective homolog of melatonin, 5-methoxyindole showed strong activity against <i>F. graminearum.</i> In the present study, our results showed the strong adverse activity of 5-methoxyindole against <i>F. graminearum</i> by inhibiting its growth, formation, and conidia germination. In addition, 5-methoxyindole could induce malformation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and cell death in <i>F. graminearum</i> hyphae and conidia. In response to 5-methoxyindole, <i>F. graminearum</i> genes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species were significantly downregulated. Overall, these findings reveal the mechanism of antifungal action of melatonin-homolog 5-methoxyindole. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that a novel melatonin homolog confers strong antifungal activity against <i>F. graminearum</i>, and 5-methoxyindole is a potential compound for protecting wheat plants from <i>F. graminearum</i> infection. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:30:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ec37bc7aad1457193f7699fd17592cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:30:51Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ec37bc7aad1457193f7699fd17592cb2023-11-22T18:32:00ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-10-0122201099110.3390/ijms2220109915-Methoxyindole, a Chemical Homolog of Melatonin, Adversely Affects the Phytopathogenic Fungus <i>Fusarium graminearum</i>Mengmeng Kong0Jing Liang1Qurban Ali2Wen Wen3Huijun Wu4Xuewen Gao5Qin Gu6Department of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Monitoring and Management of Crop Diseases and Pest Insects, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210095, China<i>Fusarium graminearum</i> is a destructive fungal pathogen that threatens the production and quality of wheat, and controlling this pathogen is a significant challenge. As the cost-effective homolog of melatonin, 5-methoxyindole showed strong activity against <i>F. graminearum.</i> In the present study, our results showed the strong adverse activity of 5-methoxyindole against <i>F. graminearum</i> by inhibiting its growth, formation, and conidia germination. In addition, 5-methoxyindole could induce malformation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and cell death in <i>F. graminearum</i> hyphae and conidia. In response to 5-methoxyindole, <i>F. graminearum</i> genes involved in scavenging reactive oxygen species were significantly downregulated. Overall, these findings reveal the mechanism of antifungal action of melatonin-homolog 5-methoxyindole. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that a novel melatonin homolog confers strong antifungal activity against <i>F. graminearum</i>, and 5-methoxyindole is a potential compound for protecting wheat plants from <i>F. graminearum</i> infection.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/20/10991melatonin homolog5-methoxyindole<i>Fusarium graminearum</i>reactive oxygen speciescell death |
| spellingShingle | Mengmeng Kong Jing Liang Qurban Ali Wen Wen Huijun Wu Xuewen Gao Qin Gu 5-Methoxyindole, a Chemical Homolog of Melatonin, Adversely Affects the Phytopathogenic Fungus <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences melatonin homolog 5-methoxyindole <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> reactive oxygen species cell death |
| title | 5-Methoxyindole, a Chemical Homolog of Melatonin, Adversely Affects the Phytopathogenic Fungus <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> |
| title_full | 5-Methoxyindole, a Chemical Homolog of Melatonin, Adversely Affects the Phytopathogenic Fungus <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> |
| title_fullStr | 5-Methoxyindole, a Chemical Homolog of Melatonin, Adversely Affects the Phytopathogenic Fungus <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | 5-Methoxyindole, a Chemical Homolog of Melatonin, Adversely Affects the Phytopathogenic Fungus <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> |
| title_short | 5-Methoxyindole, a Chemical Homolog of Melatonin, Adversely Affects the Phytopathogenic Fungus <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> |
| title_sort | 5 methoxyindole a chemical homolog of melatonin adversely affects the phytopathogenic fungus i fusarium graminearum i |
| topic | melatonin homolog 5-methoxyindole <i>Fusarium graminearum</i> reactive oxygen species cell death |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/20/10991 |
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