The Use of Kenaf Fibre as a Natural Anti-Degradant in Recycled High-Density Polyethylene and Natural Rubber-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers
As most plastic materials disintegrate without being properly reused after they are discarded, this present study developed a novel thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) using recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) and natural rubber (NR) with kenaf fibre as a sustainable filler. Apart from being used a...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1237 |
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| author | Nabil Hayeemasae Cao Xuan Viet Abdulhakim Masa Raa Khimi Shuib Hanafi Ismail Indra Surya |
| author_facet | Nabil Hayeemasae Cao Xuan Viet Abdulhakim Masa Raa Khimi Shuib Hanafi Ismail Indra Surya |
| author_sort | Nabil Hayeemasae |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As most plastic materials disintegrate without being properly reused after they are discarded, this present study developed a novel thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) using recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) and natural rubber (NR) with kenaf fibre as a sustainable filler. Apart from being used as filler, this present study aimed to examine the use of kenaf fibre as a natural anti-degradant as well. The results indicated that the tensile strength of the samples was found to have significantly decreased after 6 months of natural weathering and had decreased by a further 30% after 12 months due to the chain scission of the polymeric backbones and the degradation of the kenaf fibre. However, the composites that contained kenaf fibre significantly retained their properties post-natural weathering. In terms of tensile strength and elongation at the break, the addition of only 10 phr of kenaf increased the retention properties by 25% and 5%, respectively. This is noteworthy as kenaf fibre also contains a certain amount of natural anti-degradants. Therefore, as the kenaf fibre improves the weather resistance of composites, plastic manufacturers could use it as either a filler or a natural anti-degradant. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:12:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ed1de08d81c4c69a3f28faf2ee003af |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:12:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ed1de08d81c4c69a3f28faf2ee003af2023-11-17T08:28:02ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-02-01155123710.3390/polym15051237The Use of Kenaf Fibre as a Natural Anti-Degradant in Recycled High-Density Polyethylene and Natural Rubber-Based Thermoplastic ElastomersNabil Hayeemasae0Cao Xuan Viet1Abdulhakim Masa2Raa Khimi Shuib3Hanafi Ismail4Indra Surya5Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University, Pattani Campus, Pattani 94000, ThailandDepartment of Polymer Materials, Faculty of Materials Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), 286 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10, Ho Chi Minh City 70000, VietnamRubber Engineering & Technology Program, International College, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90110, ThailandSchool of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Penang 14300, MalaysiaSchool of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Engineering Campus, Nibong Tebal, Penang 14300, MalaysiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Sumatera Utara, IndonesiaAs most plastic materials disintegrate without being properly reused after they are discarded, this present study developed a novel thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) using recycled high-density polyethylene (rHDPE) and natural rubber (NR) with kenaf fibre as a sustainable filler. Apart from being used as filler, this present study aimed to examine the use of kenaf fibre as a natural anti-degradant as well. The results indicated that the tensile strength of the samples was found to have significantly decreased after 6 months of natural weathering and had decreased by a further 30% after 12 months due to the chain scission of the polymeric backbones and the degradation of the kenaf fibre. However, the composites that contained kenaf fibre significantly retained their properties post-natural weathering. In terms of tensile strength and elongation at the break, the addition of only 10 phr of kenaf increased the retention properties by 25% and 5%, respectively. This is noteworthy as kenaf fibre also contains a certain amount of natural anti-degradants. Therefore, as the kenaf fibre improves the weather resistance of composites, plastic manufacturers could use it as either a filler or a natural anti-degradant.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1237natural rubberhigh-density polyethylenerecyclingkenaf fibrenatural weathering |
| spellingShingle | Nabil Hayeemasae Cao Xuan Viet Abdulhakim Masa Raa Khimi Shuib Hanafi Ismail Indra Surya The Use of Kenaf Fibre as a Natural Anti-Degradant in Recycled High-Density Polyethylene and Natural Rubber-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers Polymers natural rubber high-density polyethylene recycling kenaf fibre natural weathering |
| title | The Use of Kenaf Fibre as a Natural Anti-Degradant in Recycled High-Density Polyethylene and Natural Rubber-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers |
| title_full | The Use of Kenaf Fibre as a Natural Anti-Degradant in Recycled High-Density Polyethylene and Natural Rubber-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers |
| title_fullStr | The Use of Kenaf Fibre as a Natural Anti-Degradant in Recycled High-Density Polyethylene and Natural Rubber-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Use of Kenaf Fibre as a Natural Anti-Degradant in Recycled High-Density Polyethylene and Natural Rubber-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers |
| title_short | The Use of Kenaf Fibre as a Natural Anti-Degradant in Recycled High-Density Polyethylene and Natural Rubber-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers |
| title_sort | use of kenaf fibre as a natural anti degradant in recycled high density polyethylene and natural rubber based thermoplastic elastomers |
| topic | natural rubber high-density polyethylene recycling kenaf fibre natural weathering |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/5/1237 |
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