Effect of GelMA Hydrogel Properties on Long-Term Encapsulation and Myogenic Differentiation of C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> Spheroids
Skeletal muscle regeneration and engineering hold great promise for the treatment of various muscle-related pathologies and injuries. This research explores the use of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels as a critical component for encapsulating cellular spheroids in the context of muscle tissue...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Gels |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/12/925 |
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| author | Karthika Muthuramalingam Hyun Jong Lee |
| author_facet | Karthika Muthuramalingam Hyun Jong Lee |
| author_sort | Karthika Muthuramalingam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Skeletal muscle regeneration and engineering hold great promise for the treatment of various muscle-related pathologies and injuries. This research explores the use of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels as a critical component for encapsulating cellular spheroids in the context of muscle tissue engineering and regenerative applications. The preparation of GelMA hydrogels at various concentrations, ranging from 5% to 15%, was characterized and correlated with their mechanical stiffness. The storage modulus was quantified and correlated with GelMA concentration: 6.01 ± 1.02 Pa (5% GelMA), 75.78 ± 6.67 Pa (10% GelMA), and 134.69 ± 7.93 Pa (15% GelMA). In particular, the mechanical properties and swelling capacity of GelMA hydrogels were identified as key determinants affecting cell sprouting and migration from C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> spheroids. The controlled balance between these factors was found to significantly enhance the differentiation and functionality of the encapsulated spheroids. Our results highlight the critical role of GelMA hydrogels in orchestrating cellular dynamics and processes within a 3D microenvironment. The study demonstrates that these hydrogels provide a promising scaffold for the long-term encapsulation of spheroids while maintaining high biocompatibility. This research provides valuable insights into the design and use of GelMA hydrogels for improved muscle tissue engineering and regenerative applications, paving the way for innovative approaches to muscle tissue repair and regeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:44:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ed71f724ef04d36a6a530be607cd4f3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:44:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ed71f724ef04d36a6a530be607cd4f32023-12-22T14:10:37ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612023-11-0191292510.3390/gels9120925Effect of GelMA Hydrogel Properties on Long-Term Encapsulation and Myogenic Differentiation of C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> SpheroidsKarthika Muthuramalingam0Hyun Jong Lee1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of KoreaSkeletal muscle regeneration and engineering hold great promise for the treatment of various muscle-related pathologies and injuries. This research explores the use of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) hydrogels as a critical component for encapsulating cellular spheroids in the context of muscle tissue engineering and regenerative applications. The preparation of GelMA hydrogels at various concentrations, ranging from 5% to 15%, was characterized and correlated with their mechanical stiffness. The storage modulus was quantified and correlated with GelMA concentration: 6.01 ± 1.02 Pa (5% GelMA), 75.78 ± 6.67 Pa (10% GelMA), and 134.69 ± 7.93 Pa (15% GelMA). In particular, the mechanical properties and swelling capacity of GelMA hydrogels were identified as key determinants affecting cell sprouting and migration from C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> spheroids. The controlled balance between these factors was found to significantly enhance the differentiation and functionality of the encapsulated spheroids. Our results highlight the critical role of GelMA hydrogels in orchestrating cellular dynamics and processes within a 3D microenvironment. The study demonstrates that these hydrogels provide a promising scaffold for the long-term encapsulation of spheroids while maintaining high biocompatibility. This research provides valuable insights into the design and use of GelMA hydrogels for improved muscle tissue engineering and regenerative applications, paving the way for innovative approaches to muscle tissue repair and regeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/12/925C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> spheroidsskeletal muscle regenerationGelMAhydrogel-based scaffold |
| spellingShingle | Karthika Muthuramalingam Hyun Jong Lee Effect of GelMA Hydrogel Properties on Long-Term Encapsulation and Myogenic Differentiation of C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> Spheroids Gels C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> spheroids skeletal muscle regeneration GelMA hydrogel-based scaffold |
| title | Effect of GelMA Hydrogel Properties on Long-Term Encapsulation and Myogenic Differentiation of C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> Spheroids |
| title_full | Effect of GelMA Hydrogel Properties on Long-Term Encapsulation and Myogenic Differentiation of C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> Spheroids |
| title_fullStr | Effect of GelMA Hydrogel Properties on Long-Term Encapsulation and Myogenic Differentiation of C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> Spheroids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of GelMA Hydrogel Properties on Long-Term Encapsulation and Myogenic Differentiation of C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> Spheroids |
| title_short | Effect of GelMA Hydrogel Properties on Long-Term Encapsulation and Myogenic Differentiation of C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> Spheroids |
| title_sort | effect of gelma hydrogel properties on long term encapsulation and myogenic differentiation of c sub 2 sub c sub 12 sub spheroids |
| topic | C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>12</sub> spheroids skeletal muscle regeneration GelMA hydrogel-based scaffold |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/12/925 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT karthikamuthuramalingam effectofgelmahydrogelpropertiesonlongtermencapsulationandmyogenicdifferentiationofcsub2subcsub12subspheroids AT hyunjonglee effectofgelmahydrogelpropertiesonlongtermencapsulationandmyogenicdifferentiationofcsub2subcsub12subspheroids |