Antiplasticization of Polymer Materials: Structural Aspects and Effects on Mechanical and Diffusion-Controlled Properties
Antiplasticization of glassy polymers, arising from the addition of small amounts of plasticizer, was examined to highlight the developments that have taken place over the last few decades, aiming to fill gaps of knowledge in the large number of disjointed publications. The analysis includes the rol...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-04-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/4/769 |
| _version_ | 1797571817063317504 |
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| author | Leno Mascia Yannis Kouparitsas Davide Nocita Xujin Bao |
| author_facet | Leno Mascia Yannis Kouparitsas Davide Nocita Xujin Bao |
| author_sort | Leno Mascia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Antiplasticization of glassy polymers, arising from the addition of small amounts of plasticizer, was examined to highlight the developments that have taken place over the last few decades, aiming to fill gaps of knowledge in the large number of disjointed publications. The analysis includes the role of polymer/plasticizer molecular interactions and the conditions leading to the cross-over from antiplasticization to plasticization. This was based on molecular dynamics considerations of thermal transitions and related relaxation spectra, alongside the deviation of free volumes from the additivity rule. Useful insights were gained from an analysis of data on molecular glasses, including the implications of the glass fragility concept. The effects of molecular packing resulting from antiplasticization are also discussed in the context of physical ageing. These include considerations on the effects on mechanical properties and diffusion-controlled behaviour. Some peculiar features of antiplasticization regarding changes in Tg were probed and the effects of water were examined, both as a single component and in combination with other plasticizers to illustrate the role of intermolecular forces. The analysis has also brought to light the shortcomings of existing theories for disregarding the dual cross-over from antiplasticization to plasticization with respect to modulus variation with temperature and for not addressing failure related properties, such as yielding, crazing and fracture toughness. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:46:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7ed79acc962a482db5046471f4252b69 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:46:01Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-7ed79acc962a482db5046471f4252b692023-11-19T20:19:24ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-04-0112476910.3390/polym12040769Antiplasticization of Polymer Materials: Structural Aspects and Effects on Mechanical and Diffusion-Controlled PropertiesLeno Mascia0Yannis Kouparitsas1Davide Nocita2Xujin Bao3Department of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKDepartment of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKPolymer IRC, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UKDepartment of Materials, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UKAntiplasticization of glassy polymers, arising from the addition of small amounts of plasticizer, was examined to highlight the developments that have taken place over the last few decades, aiming to fill gaps of knowledge in the large number of disjointed publications. The analysis includes the role of polymer/plasticizer molecular interactions and the conditions leading to the cross-over from antiplasticization to plasticization. This was based on molecular dynamics considerations of thermal transitions and related relaxation spectra, alongside the deviation of free volumes from the additivity rule. Useful insights were gained from an analysis of data on molecular glasses, including the implications of the glass fragility concept. The effects of molecular packing resulting from antiplasticization are also discussed in the context of physical ageing. These include considerations on the effects on mechanical properties and diffusion-controlled behaviour. Some peculiar features of antiplasticization regarding changes in Tg were probed and the effects of water were examined, both as a single component and in combination with other plasticizers to illustrate the role of intermolecular forces. The analysis has also brought to light the shortcomings of existing theories for disregarding the dual cross-over from antiplasticization to plasticization with respect to modulus variation with temperature and for not addressing failure related properties, such as yielding, crazing and fracture toughness.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/4/769antiplasticizationcarbohydrateglassy polymersmembranepharmaceuticalphysical ageing |
| spellingShingle | Leno Mascia Yannis Kouparitsas Davide Nocita Xujin Bao Antiplasticization of Polymer Materials: Structural Aspects and Effects on Mechanical and Diffusion-Controlled Properties Polymers antiplasticization carbohydrate glassy polymers membrane pharmaceutical physical ageing |
| title | Antiplasticization of Polymer Materials: Structural Aspects and Effects on Mechanical and Diffusion-Controlled Properties |
| title_full | Antiplasticization of Polymer Materials: Structural Aspects and Effects on Mechanical and Diffusion-Controlled Properties |
| title_fullStr | Antiplasticization of Polymer Materials: Structural Aspects and Effects on Mechanical and Diffusion-Controlled Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antiplasticization of Polymer Materials: Structural Aspects and Effects on Mechanical and Diffusion-Controlled Properties |
| title_short | Antiplasticization of Polymer Materials: Structural Aspects and Effects on Mechanical and Diffusion-Controlled Properties |
| title_sort | antiplasticization of polymer materials structural aspects and effects on mechanical and diffusion controlled properties |
| topic | antiplasticization carbohydrate glassy polymers membrane pharmaceutical physical ageing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/4/769 |
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