Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases
Abstract Redox homeostasis refers to the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and their elimination by antioxidants. It is linked to all important cellular activities and oxidative stress is a result of imbalance between pro-oxid...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Translational Neurodegeneration |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-023-00350-4 |
| _version_ | 1797845818317733888 |
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| author | Sina Shadfar Sonam Parakh Md Shafi Jamali Julie D. Atkin |
| author_facet | Sina Shadfar Sonam Parakh Md Shafi Jamali Julie D. Atkin |
| author_sort | Sina Shadfar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Redox homeostasis refers to the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and their elimination by antioxidants. It is linked to all important cellular activities and oxidative stress is a result of imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidant species. Oxidative stress perturbs many cellular activities, including processes that maintain the integrity of DNA. Nucleic acids are highly reactive and therefore particularly susceptible to damage. The DNA damage response detects and repairs these DNA lesions. Efficient DNA repair processes are therefore essential for maintaining cellular viability, but they decline considerably during aging. DNA damage and deficiencies in DNA repair are increasingly described in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington’s disease. Furthermore, oxidative stress has long been associated with these conditions. Moreover, both redox dysregulation and DNA damage increase significantly during aging, which is the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the links between redox dysfunction and DNA damage, and their joint contributions to pathophysiology in these conditions, are only just emerging. This review will discuss these associations and address the increasing evidence for redox dysregulation as an important and major source of DNA damage in neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding these connections may facilitate a better understanding of disease mechanisms, and ultimately lead to the design of better therapeutic strategies based on preventing both redox dysregulation and DNA damage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:45:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7eeb52fef2d74fe6b530ebb98ff4eb0a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2047-9158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T17:45:06Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Translational Neurodegeneration |
| spelling | doaj.art-7eeb52fef2d74fe6b530ebb98ff4eb0a2023-04-16T11:23:34ZengBMCTranslational Neurodegeneration2047-91582023-04-0112113410.1186/s40035-023-00350-4Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseasesSina Shadfar0Sonam Parakh1Md Shafi Jamali2Julie D. Atkin3Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie UniversityCentre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie UniversityCentre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie UniversityCentre for Motor Neuron Disease Research, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie UniversityAbstract Redox homeostasis refers to the balance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and their elimination by antioxidants. It is linked to all important cellular activities and oxidative stress is a result of imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidant species. Oxidative stress perturbs many cellular activities, including processes that maintain the integrity of DNA. Nucleic acids are highly reactive and therefore particularly susceptible to damage. The DNA damage response detects and repairs these DNA lesions. Efficient DNA repair processes are therefore essential for maintaining cellular viability, but they decline considerably during aging. DNA damage and deficiencies in DNA repair are increasingly described in age-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington’s disease. Furthermore, oxidative stress has long been associated with these conditions. Moreover, both redox dysregulation and DNA damage increase significantly during aging, which is the biggest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases. However, the links between redox dysfunction and DNA damage, and their joint contributions to pathophysiology in these conditions, are only just emerging. This review will discuss these associations and address the increasing evidence for redox dysregulation as an important and major source of DNA damage in neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding these connections may facilitate a better understanding of disease mechanisms, and ultimately lead to the design of better therapeutic strategies based on preventing both redox dysregulation and DNA damage.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-023-00350-4Redox dysregulationDNA damageNeurodegenerationReactive oxygen speciesOxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Sina Shadfar Sonam Parakh Md Shafi Jamali Julie D. Atkin Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases Translational Neurodegeneration Redox dysregulation DNA damage Neurodegeneration Reactive oxygen species Oxidative stress |
| title | Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases |
| title_full | Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases |
| title_fullStr | Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases |
| title_short | Redox dysregulation as a driver for DNA damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases |
| title_sort | redox dysregulation as a driver for dna damage and its relationship to neurodegenerative diseases |
| topic | Redox dysregulation DNA damage Neurodegeneration Reactive oxygen species Oxidative stress |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40035-023-00350-4 |
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