Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry <i>(Broussonetia papyrifera</i><i>)</i> on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>)
The present study investigated the effects of dietary paper mulberry (<i>Broussonetia Papyrifera</i>, BP) on growth performance, muscle quality and muscle growth-related mRNA expressions of grass carp. Fish (initial weight: 50.0 ± 0.5 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0% (control diet)...
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/6/1655 |
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| author | Tao Tang Jinhai Bai Zhipeng Ao Zehong Wei Yi Hu Shaojun Liu |
| author_facet | Tao Tang Jinhai Bai Zhipeng Ao Zehong Wei Yi Hu Shaojun Liu |
| author_sort | Tao Tang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study investigated the effects of dietary paper mulberry (<i>Broussonetia Papyrifera</i>, BP) on growth performance, muscle quality and muscle growth-related mRNA expressions of grass carp. Fish (initial weight: 50.0 ± 0.5 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0% (control diet), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% BP for 8 weeks. The results showed that increasing levels of paper mulberry linearly and quadratically decreased the special gain rate (SGR) and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) of grass carp (<i>p <</i> 0.05). Significantly positive quadratic trends were found between paper mulberry levels and muscle crude fat or crude protein of grass carp (<i>p <</i> 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the 10%BP and 15%BP groups had significantly decreased muscle crude fat and increased crude protein (<i>p <</i> 0.05). The levels of paper mulberry resulted in a linear and quadratic increase in water loss of grass carp muscle (<i>p <</i> 0.05), and all groups with paper mulberry supplementation were significantly higher than the control group (<i>p <</i> 0.05). Significant positive linear and quadratic trends were found between the paper mulberry levels and muscle fiber diameter or density of grass carp (<i>p <</i> 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the significant differences were found in the 15%BP and 20%BP groups (<i>p <</i> 0.05). The muscle adhesiveness and hardness linearly and quadratically increased with the increasing levels of paper mulberry (<i>p <</i> 0.05), and both of which increased significantly when the level of paper mulberry reached 10% (<i>p <</i> 0.05). In addition, the increase in paper mulberry linearly and quadratically improved the expressions of myoblast determination protein (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), paired box protein 7 (Pax7) and myostatin 1 (MSTN1) (<i>p <</i> 0.05). When the supplementation of paper mulberry reached 15%, the expressions of all these mRNAs were significantly higher than those of the control group (<i>p <</i> 0.05). In summary, adding 5% paper mulberry did not affect the growth of grass carp. However, the supplementation of 10% paper mulberry could improve muscle quality through improving muscle hardness, reducing fat accumulation and muscle fiber diameter, at the cost of reducing growth performance. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7ef4ec693d1d4aaa9676ca2b6cde40ee2023-11-21T22:32:39ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152021-06-01116165510.3390/ani11061655Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry <i>(Broussonetia papyrifera</i><i>)</i> on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>)Tao Tang0Jinhai Bai1Zhipeng Ao2Zehong Wei3Yi Hu4Shaojun Liu5State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaHunan Engineering Research Center for Utilization of Characteristics of Aquatic Resources, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, ChinaThe present study investigated the effects of dietary paper mulberry (<i>Broussonetia Papyrifera</i>, BP) on growth performance, muscle quality and muscle growth-related mRNA expressions of grass carp. Fish (initial weight: 50.0 ± 0.5 g) were fed diets supplemented with 0% (control diet), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% BP for 8 weeks. The results showed that increasing levels of paper mulberry linearly and quadratically decreased the special gain rate (SGR) and increased the feed conversion rate (FCR) of grass carp (<i>p <</i> 0.05). Significantly positive quadratic trends were found between paper mulberry levels and muscle crude fat or crude protein of grass carp (<i>p <</i> 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the 10%BP and 15%BP groups had significantly decreased muscle crude fat and increased crude protein (<i>p <</i> 0.05). The levels of paper mulberry resulted in a linear and quadratic increase in water loss of grass carp muscle (<i>p <</i> 0.05), and all groups with paper mulberry supplementation were significantly higher than the control group (<i>p <</i> 0.05). Significant positive linear and quadratic trends were found between the paper mulberry levels and muscle fiber diameter or density of grass carp (<i>p <</i> 0.05). In comparison to the control diet, the significant differences were found in the 15%BP and 20%BP groups (<i>p <</i> 0.05). The muscle adhesiveness and hardness linearly and quadratically increased with the increasing levels of paper mulberry (<i>p <</i> 0.05), and both of which increased significantly when the level of paper mulberry reached 10% (<i>p <</i> 0.05). In addition, the increase in paper mulberry linearly and quadratically improved the expressions of myoblast determination protein (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG), paired box protein 7 (Pax7) and myostatin 1 (MSTN1) (<i>p <</i> 0.05). When the supplementation of paper mulberry reached 15%, the expressions of all these mRNAs were significantly higher than those of the control group (<i>p <</i> 0.05). In summary, adding 5% paper mulberry did not affect the growth of grass carp. However, the supplementation of 10% paper mulberry could improve muscle quality through improving muscle hardness, reducing fat accumulation and muscle fiber diameter, at the cost of reducing growth performance.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/6/1655paper mulberrygrass carpgrowthflesh qualitymyogenic regulatory factors |
| spellingShingle | Tao Tang Jinhai Bai Zhipeng Ao Zehong Wei Yi Hu Shaojun Liu Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry <i>(Broussonetia papyrifera</i><i>)</i> on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) Animals paper mulberry grass carp growth flesh quality myogenic regulatory factors |
| title | Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry <i>(Broussonetia papyrifera</i><i>)</i> on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) |
| title_full | Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry <i>(Broussonetia papyrifera</i><i>)</i> on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry <i>(Broussonetia papyrifera</i><i>)</i> on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry <i>(Broussonetia papyrifera</i><i>)</i> on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) |
| title_short | Effects of Dietary Paper Mulberry <i>(Broussonetia papyrifera</i><i>)</i> on Growth Performance and Muscle Quality of Grass Carp (<i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>) |
| title_sort | effects of dietary paper mulberry i broussonetia papyrifera i i i on growth performance and muscle quality of grass carp i ctenopharyngodon idella i |
| topic | paper mulberry grass carp growth flesh quality myogenic regulatory factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/6/1655 |
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