Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systems
IntroductionAlkanna tinctoria Tausch. is a medicinal plant well-known to produce important therapeutic compounds, such as alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives (A/Sd). It associates with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are known, amongst others beneficial effects, to modulate the plant s...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216029/full |
| _version_ | 1797745907868893184 |
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| author | Yanyan Zhao Annalisa Cartabia Mónica Garcés-Ruiz Marie-France Herent Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq Sergio Ortiz Sergio Ortiz Stéphane Declerck Ismahen Lalaymia |
| author_facet | Yanyan Zhao Annalisa Cartabia Mónica Garcés-Ruiz Marie-France Herent Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq Sergio Ortiz Sergio Ortiz Stéphane Declerck Ismahen Lalaymia |
| author_sort | Yanyan Zhao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionAlkanna tinctoria Tausch. is a medicinal plant well-known to produce important therapeutic compounds, such as alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives (A/Sd). It associates with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are known, amongst others beneficial effects, to modulate the plant secondary metabolites (SMs) biosynthesis. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study on the effects of AMF strains on the growth and production of A/Sd in A. tinctoria has been reported in the literature.MethodsHere, three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, plants were associated with the GINCO strain Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and, in Experiment 2, with two strains of GINCO (R. irregularis MUCL 41833 and Rhizophagus aggregatus MUCL 49408) and two native strains isolated from wild growing A. tinctoria (R. irregularis and Septoglomus viscosum) and were grown in a semi-hydroponic (S-H) cultivation system. Plants were harvested after 9 and 37 days in Experiment 1 and 9 days in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, plants were associated with the two native AMF strains and with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 and were grown for 85 days in pots under greenhouse conditions. Quantification and identification of A/Sd were performed by HPLC-PDA and by HPLC-HRMS/MS, respectively. LePGT1, LePGT2, and GHQH genes involved in the A/Sd biosynthesis were analyzed through RT-qPCR.ResultsIn Experiment 1, no significant differences were noticed in the production of A/Sd. Conversely, in Experiments 2 and 3, plants associated with the native AMF R. irregularis had the highest content of total A/Sd expressed as shikonin equivalent. In Experiment 1, a significantly higher relative expression of both LePGT1 and LePGT2 was observed in plants inoculated with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 compared with control plants after 37 days in the S-H cultivation system. Similarly, a significantly higher relative expression of LePGT2 in plants inoculated with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 was noticed after 9 versus 37 days in the S-H cultivation system. In Experiment 2, a significant lower relative expression of LePGT2 was observed in native AMF R. irregularis inoculated plants compared to the control.DiscussionOverall, our study showed that the native R. irregularis strain increased A/Sd production in A. tinctoria regardless of the growing system used, further suggesting that the inoculation of native/best performing AMF is a promising method to improve the production of important SMs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:29:37Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T15:29:37Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7efe588787ff4c41ae72b08555b5efa22023-08-10T08:58:14ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2023-08-011410.3389/fmicb.2023.12160291216029Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systemsYanyan Zhao0Annalisa Cartabia1Mónica Garcés-Ruiz2Marie-France Herent3Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq4Sergio Ortiz5Sergio Ortiz6Stéphane Declerck7Ismahen Lalaymia8Mycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumMycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumMycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumPharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Brussels, BelgiumPharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Brussels, BelgiumPharmacognosy Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Brussels, BelgiumUMR 7200, Laboratoire d’Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, FranceMycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumMycology, Earth and Life Institute, Université catholique de Louvain – UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, BelgiumIntroductionAlkanna tinctoria Tausch. is a medicinal plant well-known to produce important therapeutic compounds, such as alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives (A/Sd). It associates with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are known, amongst others beneficial effects, to modulate the plant secondary metabolites (SMs) biosynthesis. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study on the effects of AMF strains on the growth and production of A/Sd in A. tinctoria has been reported in the literature.MethodsHere, three experiments were conducted. In Experiment 1, plants were associated with the GINCO strain Rhizophagus irregularis MUCL 41833 and, in Experiment 2, with two strains of GINCO (R. irregularis MUCL 41833 and Rhizophagus aggregatus MUCL 49408) and two native strains isolated from wild growing A. tinctoria (R. irregularis and Septoglomus viscosum) and were grown in a semi-hydroponic (S-H) cultivation system. Plants were harvested after 9 and 37 days in Experiment 1 and 9 days in Experiment 2. In Experiment 3, plants were associated with the two native AMF strains and with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 and were grown for 85 days in pots under greenhouse conditions. Quantification and identification of A/Sd were performed by HPLC-PDA and by HPLC-HRMS/MS, respectively. LePGT1, LePGT2, and GHQH genes involved in the A/Sd biosynthesis were analyzed through RT-qPCR.ResultsIn Experiment 1, no significant differences were noticed in the production of A/Sd. Conversely, in Experiments 2 and 3, plants associated with the native AMF R. irregularis had the highest content of total A/Sd expressed as shikonin equivalent. In Experiment 1, a significantly higher relative expression of both LePGT1 and LePGT2 was observed in plants inoculated with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 compared with control plants after 37 days in the S-H cultivation system. Similarly, a significantly higher relative expression of LePGT2 in plants inoculated with R. irregularis MUCL 41833 was noticed after 9 versus 37 days in the S-H cultivation system. In Experiment 2, a significant lower relative expression of LePGT2 was observed in native AMF R. irregularis inoculated plants compared to the control.DiscussionOverall, our study showed that the native R. irregularis strain increased A/Sd production in A. tinctoria regardless of the growing system used, further suggesting that the inoculation of native/best performing AMF is a promising method to improve the production of important SMs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216029/fullarbuscular mycorrhizal fungiAlkanna tinctoriasemi-hydroponic cultivation systemalkannin/shikonin derivativesnative strains |
| spellingShingle | Yanyan Zhao Annalisa Cartabia Mónica Garcés-Ruiz Marie-France Herent Joëlle Quetin-Leclercq Sergio Ortiz Sergio Ortiz Stéphane Declerck Ismahen Lalaymia Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systems Frontiers in Microbiology arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Alkanna tinctoria semi-hydroponic cultivation system alkannin/shikonin derivatives native strains |
| title | Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systems |
| title_full | Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systems |
| title_fullStr | Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systems |
| title_short | Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin/shikonin and their derivatives in Alkanna tinctoria Tausch. grown in semi-hydroponic and pot cultivation systems |
| title_sort | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi impact the production of alkannin shikonin and their derivatives in alkanna tinctoria tausch grown in semi hydroponic and pot cultivation systems |
| topic | arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Alkanna tinctoria semi-hydroponic cultivation system alkannin/shikonin derivatives native strains |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1216029/full |
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