Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis, Palatable Food Intake, and Body Weight in Stressed Rats
Dietary regimens that are focused on diminishing total caloric intake and restricting palatable food ingestion are the most common strategies for weight control. However, restrictive diet therapies have low adherence rates in obese patients, particularly in stressed individuals. Moreover, food restr...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/5/1164 |
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| author | Cinthia García-Luna Ixchel Prieto Paulina Soberanes-Chávez Elena Alvarez-Salas Iván Torre-Villalvazo Gilberto Matamoros-Trejo Patricia de Gortari |
| author_facet | Cinthia García-Luna Ixchel Prieto Paulina Soberanes-Chávez Elena Alvarez-Salas Iván Torre-Villalvazo Gilberto Matamoros-Trejo Patricia de Gortari |
| author_sort | Cinthia García-Luna |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dietary regimens that are focused on diminishing total caloric intake and restricting palatable food ingestion are the most common strategies for weight control. However, restrictive diet therapies have low adherence rates in obese patients, particularly in stressed individuals. Moreover, food restriction downregulates the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT) function, hindering weight loss. Intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as an option to treat obesity. We compared the effects of IF to an all-day feeding schedule on palatable diet (PD)-stress (S)-induced hyperphagia, HPT axis function, accumbal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and dopamine D2 receptor expression in association with adipocyte size and PPARƔ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in stressed vs. non-stressed rats. After 5 weeks, S-PD rats showed an increased energy intake and adipocyte size, fewer beige cells, and HPT axis deceleration-associated low PGC1α and UCP1 expression, as well as decreased accumbal TRH and D2 expression. Interestingly, IF reversed those parameters to control values and increased the number of beige adipocytes, UCP1, and PGC1α mRNAs, which may favor a greater energy expenditure and a reduced body weight, even in stressed rats. Our results showed that IF modulated the limbic dopaminergic and TRHergic systems that regulate feeding and HPT axis function, which controls the metabolic rate, supporting this regimen as a suitable non-pharmacologic strategy to treat obesity, even in stressed individuals. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:14:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f0742698f9d4b83a558fc852f6a74ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:14:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f0742698f9d4b83a558fc852f6a74ff2023-11-17T08:20:29ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-02-01155116410.3390/nu15051164Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis, Palatable Food Intake, and Body Weight in Stressed RatsCinthia García-Luna0Ixchel Prieto1Paulina Soberanes-Chávez2Elena Alvarez-Salas3Iván Torre-Villalvazo4Gilberto Matamoros-Trejo5Patricia de Gortari6Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Departamento de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Departamento de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Departamento de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Departamento de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoDepartamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), Mexico City 14080, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Departamento de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoLaboratorio de Neurofisiología Molecular, Departamento de Investigaciones en Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City 14370, MexicoDietary regimens that are focused on diminishing total caloric intake and restricting palatable food ingestion are the most common strategies for weight control. However, restrictive diet therapies have low adherence rates in obese patients, particularly in stressed individuals. Moreover, food restriction downregulates the hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis (HPT) function, hindering weight loss. Intermittent fasting (IF) has emerged as an option to treat obesity. We compared the effects of IF to an all-day feeding schedule on palatable diet (PD)-stress (S)-induced hyperphagia, HPT axis function, accumbal thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), and dopamine D2 receptor expression in association with adipocyte size and PPARƔ coactivator 1α (PGC1α) and uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) expression in stressed vs. non-stressed rats. After 5 weeks, S-PD rats showed an increased energy intake and adipocyte size, fewer beige cells, and HPT axis deceleration-associated low PGC1α and UCP1 expression, as well as decreased accumbal TRH and D2 expression. Interestingly, IF reversed those parameters to control values and increased the number of beige adipocytes, UCP1, and PGC1α mRNAs, which may favor a greater energy expenditure and a reduced body weight, even in stressed rats. Our results showed that IF modulated the limbic dopaminergic and TRHergic systems that regulate feeding and HPT axis function, which controls the metabolic rate, supporting this regimen as a suitable non-pharmacologic strategy to treat obesity, even in stressed individuals.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/5/1164thyroid axisintermittent fastingstressoverweightpalatable food |
| spellingShingle | Cinthia García-Luna Ixchel Prieto Paulina Soberanes-Chávez Elena Alvarez-Salas Iván Torre-Villalvazo Gilberto Matamoros-Trejo Patricia de Gortari Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis, Palatable Food Intake, and Body Weight in Stressed Rats Nutrients thyroid axis intermittent fasting stress overweight palatable food |
| title | Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis, Palatable Food Intake, and Body Weight in Stressed Rats |
| title_full | Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis, Palatable Food Intake, and Body Weight in Stressed Rats |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis, Palatable Food Intake, and Body Weight in Stressed Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis, Palatable Food Intake, and Body Weight in Stressed Rats |
| title_short | Effects of Intermittent Fasting on Hypothalamus–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis, Palatable Food Intake, and Body Weight in Stressed Rats |
| title_sort | effects of intermittent fasting on hypothalamus pituitary thyroid axis palatable food intake and body weight in stressed rats |
| topic | thyroid axis intermittent fasting stress overweight palatable food |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/5/1164 |
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