Exposure to Decreased pH and Caffeine Affects Hemocyte Parameters in the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>
Combined effects of reduced pH, as predicted under climate change scenarios, and the most popular and widely used stimulant caffeine were assessed in hemocyte parameters of the mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>, being hemocytes involved in immune defense. Bivalves were exposed for...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-04-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/4/238 |
| _version_ | 1797571752017002496 |
|---|---|
| author | Marco Munari Valerio Matozzo Giuditta Benetello Verena Riedl Paolo Pastore Denis Badocco Maria Gabriella Marin |
| author_facet | Marco Munari Valerio Matozzo Giuditta Benetello Verena Riedl Paolo Pastore Denis Badocco Maria Gabriella Marin |
| author_sort | Marco Munari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Combined effects of reduced pH, as predicted under climate change scenarios, and the most popular and widely used stimulant caffeine were assessed in hemocyte parameters of the mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>, being hemocytes involved in immune defense. Bivalves were exposed for one week to natural pH (8.1) and two reduced pH values (pH −0.4 units and pH −0.7 units). Exposure continued for additional two weeks, both in the absence and in the presence of environmentally relevant concentrations of caffeine (0.05 and 0.5 µg/L). Hemocyte parameters (total hemocyte count, hemocyte volume and diameter, neutral red uptake and hemocyte proliferation) were measured after 7 days of exposure to pH only, and after 14 (T1) and 21 (T2) days of exposure to the various pH*caffeine combinations. At all sampling times, pH significantly affected all the biological variables considered, whereas caffeine exhibited a significant influence at T2 only. Among the various hemocyte parameters, caffeine caused a significant increase in total hemocyte count at T2, and in hemocyte volume and diameter at both T1 and T2, when a significant interaction between pH and caffeine was also found. Overall, results demonstrated that hemocyte functionality was strongly influenced by the experimental conditions tested. Further studies are needed to assess combined effects of climate changes and emerging contaminants on bivalve immune system when challenged with environmental pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:44:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f07ce9f8bbc476582fb90dff7ba74e3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-1312 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:44:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Marine Science and Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f07ce9f8bbc476582fb90dff7ba74e32023-11-19T20:24:12ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122020-04-018423810.3390/jmse8040238Exposure to Decreased pH and Caffeine Affects Hemocyte Parameters in the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>Marco Munari0Valerio Matozzo1Giuditta Benetello2Verena Riedl3Paolo Pastore4Denis Badocco5Maria Gabriella Marin6Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35121 Padova, ItalyCombined effects of reduced pH, as predicted under climate change scenarios, and the most popular and widely used stimulant caffeine were assessed in hemocyte parameters of the mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i>, being hemocytes involved in immune defense. Bivalves were exposed for one week to natural pH (8.1) and two reduced pH values (pH −0.4 units and pH −0.7 units). Exposure continued for additional two weeks, both in the absence and in the presence of environmentally relevant concentrations of caffeine (0.05 and 0.5 µg/L). Hemocyte parameters (total hemocyte count, hemocyte volume and diameter, neutral red uptake and hemocyte proliferation) were measured after 7 days of exposure to pH only, and after 14 (T1) and 21 (T2) days of exposure to the various pH*caffeine combinations. At all sampling times, pH significantly affected all the biological variables considered, whereas caffeine exhibited a significant influence at T2 only. Among the various hemocyte parameters, caffeine caused a significant increase in total hemocyte count at T2, and in hemocyte volume and diameter at both T1 and T2, when a significant interaction between pH and caffeine was also found. Overall, results demonstrated that hemocyte functionality was strongly influenced by the experimental conditions tested. Further studies are needed to assess combined effects of climate changes and emerging contaminants on bivalve immune system when challenged with environmental pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/4/238seawater acidificationcaffeinebivalveshemocytesimmunomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Marco Munari Valerio Matozzo Giuditta Benetello Verena Riedl Paolo Pastore Denis Badocco Maria Gabriella Marin Exposure to Decreased pH and Caffeine Affects Hemocyte Parameters in the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> Journal of Marine Science and Engineering seawater acidification caffeine bivalves hemocytes immunomarkers |
| title | Exposure to Decreased pH and Caffeine Affects Hemocyte Parameters in the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> |
| title_full | Exposure to Decreased pH and Caffeine Affects Hemocyte Parameters in the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> |
| title_fullStr | Exposure to Decreased pH and Caffeine Affects Hemocyte Parameters in the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exposure to Decreased pH and Caffeine Affects Hemocyte Parameters in the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> |
| title_short | Exposure to Decreased pH and Caffeine Affects Hemocyte Parameters in the Mussel <i>Mytilus galloprovincialis</i> |
| title_sort | exposure to decreased ph and caffeine affects hemocyte parameters in the mussel i mytilus galloprovincialis i |
| topic | seawater acidification caffeine bivalves hemocytes immunomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/8/4/238 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marcomunari exposuretodecreasedphandcaffeineaffectshemocyteparametersinthemusselimytilusgalloprovincialisi AT valeriomatozzo exposuretodecreasedphandcaffeineaffectshemocyteparametersinthemusselimytilusgalloprovincialisi AT giudittabenetello exposuretodecreasedphandcaffeineaffectshemocyteparametersinthemusselimytilusgalloprovincialisi AT verenariedl exposuretodecreasedphandcaffeineaffectshemocyteparametersinthemusselimytilusgalloprovincialisi AT paolopastore exposuretodecreasedphandcaffeineaffectshemocyteparametersinthemusselimytilusgalloprovincialisi AT denisbadocco exposuretodecreasedphandcaffeineaffectshemocyteparametersinthemusselimytilusgalloprovincialisi AT mariagabriellamarin exposuretodecreasedphandcaffeineaffectshemocyteparametersinthemusselimytilusgalloprovincialisi |