Contribution of Terpenes to Ozone Formation and Secondary Organic Aerosols in a Subtropical Forest Impacted by Urban Pollution
The highly reactive nature of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) impacts the biosphere by acting as a precursor of ozone and aerosols that influence air quality and climate. Here, we assess the influence of BVOCs and their oxidation products on ozone formation and to submicron secondary org...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-11-01
|
| Series: | Atmosphere |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/11/1232 |
| _version_ | 1797547773018505216 |
|---|---|
| author | Christian Mark Salvador Charles C.-K. Chou Tse-Tsung Ho Chao-Yang Tsai Tsung-Ming Tsao Ming-Jer Tsai Ta-Chen Su |
| author_facet | Christian Mark Salvador Charles C.-K. Chou Tse-Tsung Ho Chao-Yang Tsai Tsung-Ming Tsao Ming-Jer Tsai Ta-Chen Su |
| author_sort | Christian Mark Salvador |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The highly reactive nature of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) impacts the biosphere by acting as a precursor of ozone and aerosols that influence air quality and climate. Here, we assess the influence of BVOCs and their oxidation products on ozone formation and to submicron secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass in a subtropical forest. A high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) was employed for the continuous measurement of VOCs. Isoprene, monoterpene, and sesquiterpene mixing ratios in the forest were 0.23, 0.22, and 0.03 ppb, respectively. The total ozone formation potential (OFP) of the terpenes was 12.8 μg m<sup>−3</sup>, which accounted for only 5.6% of the total OFP. Particle phase bound oxidation products were characterized using a thermal-desorption PTR-ToF-MS. Mass spectra analysis revealed the presence pinonaldehyde, pinonic, norpinonic, and pinic acid in both gas and particle phase. The overall daytime (nighttime) mixing ratio of the oxidized BVOCs in gas phases was 0.062(0.023) ppbv. On the other hand, the mean fraction of the four monoterpene oxidation products in condensed phase was estimated at 42%. Overall, the results of this study evidenced quantitatively the contribution of BVOCs to the total reactivity and SOA mass in the subtropical forest. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:48:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f11dac578d648fba608f46a39ee85d6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:48:54Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f11dac578d648fba608f46a39ee85d62023-11-20T21:08:36ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332020-11-011111123210.3390/atmos11111232Contribution of Terpenes to Ozone Formation and Secondary Organic Aerosols in a Subtropical Forest Impacted by Urban PollutionChristian Mark Salvador0Charles C.-K. Chou1Tse-Tsung Ho2Chao-Yang Tsai3Tsung-Ming Tsao4Ming-Jer Tsai5Ta-Chen Su6Research Centre for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, TaiwanResearch Centre for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, TaiwanResearch Centre for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, TaiwanResearch Centre for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, TaiwanSchool of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanSchool of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, TaiwanDepartment of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, TaiwanThe highly reactive nature of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) impacts the biosphere by acting as a precursor of ozone and aerosols that influence air quality and climate. Here, we assess the influence of BVOCs and their oxidation products on ozone formation and to submicron secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass in a subtropical forest. A high-resolution proton-transfer-reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer (PTR-ToF-MS) was employed for the continuous measurement of VOCs. Isoprene, monoterpene, and sesquiterpene mixing ratios in the forest were 0.23, 0.22, and 0.03 ppb, respectively. The total ozone formation potential (OFP) of the terpenes was 12.8 μg m<sup>−3</sup>, which accounted for only 5.6% of the total OFP. Particle phase bound oxidation products were characterized using a thermal-desorption PTR-ToF-MS. Mass spectra analysis revealed the presence pinonaldehyde, pinonic, norpinonic, and pinic acid in both gas and particle phase. The overall daytime (nighttime) mixing ratio of the oxidized BVOCs in gas phases was 0.062(0.023) ppbv. On the other hand, the mean fraction of the four monoterpene oxidation products in condensed phase was estimated at 42%. Overall, the results of this study evidenced quantitatively the contribution of BVOCs to the total reactivity and SOA mass in the subtropical forest.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/11/1232BVOCsTD-PTR-ToF-MSozone formationSOA mass analysis |
| spellingShingle | Christian Mark Salvador Charles C.-K. Chou Tse-Tsung Ho Chao-Yang Tsai Tsung-Ming Tsao Ming-Jer Tsai Ta-Chen Su Contribution of Terpenes to Ozone Formation and Secondary Organic Aerosols in a Subtropical Forest Impacted by Urban Pollution Atmosphere BVOCs TD-PTR-ToF-MS ozone formation SOA mass analysis |
| title | Contribution of Terpenes to Ozone Formation and Secondary Organic Aerosols in a Subtropical Forest Impacted by Urban Pollution |
| title_full | Contribution of Terpenes to Ozone Formation and Secondary Organic Aerosols in a Subtropical Forest Impacted by Urban Pollution |
| title_fullStr | Contribution of Terpenes to Ozone Formation and Secondary Organic Aerosols in a Subtropical Forest Impacted by Urban Pollution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contribution of Terpenes to Ozone Formation and Secondary Organic Aerosols in a Subtropical Forest Impacted by Urban Pollution |
| title_short | Contribution of Terpenes to Ozone Formation and Secondary Organic Aerosols in a Subtropical Forest Impacted by Urban Pollution |
| title_sort | contribution of terpenes to ozone formation and secondary organic aerosols in a subtropical forest impacted by urban pollution |
| topic | BVOCs TD-PTR-ToF-MS ozone formation SOA mass analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/11/11/1232 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT christianmarksalvador contributionofterpenestoozoneformationandsecondaryorganicaerosolsinasubtropicalforestimpactedbyurbanpollution AT charlesckchou contributionofterpenestoozoneformationandsecondaryorganicaerosolsinasubtropicalforestimpactedbyurbanpollution AT tsetsungho contributionofterpenestoozoneformationandsecondaryorganicaerosolsinasubtropicalforestimpactedbyurbanpollution AT chaoyangtsai contributionofterpenestoozoneformationandsecondaryorganicaerosolsinasubtropicalforestimpactedbyurbanpollution AT tsungmingtsao contributionofterpenestoozoneformationandsecondaryorganicaerosolsinasubtropicalforestimpactedbyurbanpollution AT mingjertsai contributionofterpenestoozoneformationandsecondaryorganicaerosolsinasubtropicalforestimpactedbyurbanpollution AT tachensu contributionofterpenestoozoneformationandsecondaryorganicaerosolsinasubtropicalforestimpactedbyurbanpollution |