Effects of High Starch and Supplementation of an Olive Extract on the Growth Performance, Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>)
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of high-starch diets and the supplementation of an olive extract (OE) on the growth performance, liver health and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/3/577 |
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| author | Xiaofang Liang Pei Chen Xiaoliang Wu Shujuan Xing Sofia Morais Maolong He Xu Gu Min Xue |
| author_facet | Xiaofang Liang Pei Chen Xiaoliang Wu Shujuan Xing Sofia Morais Maolong He Xu Gu Min Xue |
| author_sort | Xiaofang Liang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | An 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of high-starch diets and the supplementation of an olive extract (OE) on the growth performance, liver health and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were prepared: two basal diets containing low (9.0%) and high (14.4%) levels of starch (named as LS and HS), and 0.125% OE was supplemented to each basal diet (named LSOE and HSOE). The results show that high-starch diets had significant negative effects on growth performance, with lower FR, SGR and higher FCR, whereas OE significantly lowered FCR, determined by two-way ANOVA analysis. High-starch diets induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and liver function injury, with significant increases in the content of plasmatic AKP, AST, ALT, hepatic SOD and MDA, and up-regulation of hepatic <i>TNFα</i>, <i>IL1β</i>, and <i>TGFβ1</i> gene expression. In addition, a high-starch diet decreased the phosphorylation of AMPK and upregulated the expression of SREBP, together with higher hepatic liver lipid and HSI. The oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorders indicate metabolic liver disease (MLD) of largemouth bass fed high-starch diets. Feeding on OE-supplemented diets increased the hepatic antioxidant capacity by decreasing the content of MDA and SOD. Fish fed the HSOE diet had an activated phosphorylation of JNK and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory <i>IL1β</i> compared with those fed the HS diet, which strongly indicated that the degree of inflammatory responses was reduced after OE supplementation. Interestingly, this study demonstrated that OE regulates hepatic lipid metabolism in fish by inhibiting the expression of hepatic lipogenesis genes (<i>ACC1</i> and <i>FASN</i>) and promoting lipolysis (<i>ATGL</i>) and β-oxidation (<i>CPT1α</i>) to prevent TG accumulation. In conclusion, high-starch feed induced oxidative stress and lipid metabolic disorder of largemouth bass, while supplementation with OE improved its antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. However, hepatic histopathological results suggested that OE supplementation could not completely repair the MLD caused by the high level of starch in largemouth bass. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:52:09Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f16e1fa9d994a6591d5574ad916f483 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:52:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f16e1fa9d994a6591d5574ad916f4832023-11-30T20:48:02ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-03-0111357710.3390/antiox11030577Effects of High Starch and Supplementation of an Olive Extract on the Growth Performance, Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>)Xiaofang Liang0Pei Chen1Xiaoliang Wu2Shujuan Xing3Sofia Morais4Maolong He5Xu Gu6Min Xue7National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaInnovation Division, Animal Science Unit, Lucta S.A., 08193 Bellaterra, SpainInnovation Division, Lucta (Guangzhou) Flavours Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510530, ChinaNational Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaNational Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Institute of Feed Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, ChinaAn 8-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of high-starch diets and the supplementation of an olive extract (OE) on the growth performance, liver health and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>). Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were prepared: two basal diets containing low (9.0%) and high (14.4%) levels of starch (named as LS and HS), and 0.125% OE was supplemented to each basal diet (named LSOE and HSOE). The results show that high-starch diets had significant negative effects on growth performance, with lower FR, SGR and higher FCR, whereas OE significantly lowered FCR, determined by two-way ANOVA analysis. High-starch diets induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response and liver function injury, with significant increases in the content of plasmatic AKP, AST, ALT, hepatic SOD and MDA, and up-regulation of hepatic <i>TNFα</i>, <i>IL1β</i>, and <i>TGFβ1</i> gene expression. In addition, a high-starch diet decreased the phosphorylation of AMPK and upregulated the expression of SREBP, together with higher hepatic liver lipid and HSI. The oxidative stress and lipid metabolism disorders indicate metabolic liver disease (MLD) of largemouth bass fed high-starch diets. Feeding on OE-supplemented diets increased the hepatic antioxidant capacity by decreasing the content of MDA and SOD. Fish fed the HSOE diet had an activated phosphorylation of JNK and decreased expression of pro-inflammatory <i>IL1β</i> compared with those fed the HS diet, which strongly indicated that the degree of inflammatory responses was reduced after OE supplementation. Interestingly, this study demonstrated that OE regulates hepatic lipid metabolism in fish by inhibiting the expression of hepatic lipogenesis genes (<i>ACC1</i> and <i>FASN</i>) and promoting lipolysis (<i>ATGL</i>) and β-oxidation (<i>CPT1α</i>) to prevent TG accumulation. In conclusion, high-starch feed induced oxidative stress and lipid metabolic disorder of largemouth bass, while supplementation with OE improved its antioxidant capacity, anti-inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism. However, hepatic histopathological results suggested that OE supplementation could not completely repair the MLD caused by the high level of starch in largemouth bass.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/3/577largemouth basshigh starchantioxidantlipid metabolismmetabolic liver disease |
| spellingShingle | Xiaofang Liang Pei Chen Xiaoliang Wu Shujuan Xing Sofia Morais Maolong He Xu Gu Min Xue Effects of High Starch and Supplementation of an Olive Extract on the Growth Performance, Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) Antioxidants largemouth bass high starch antioxidant lipid metabolism metabolic liver disease |
| title | Effects of High Starch and Supplementation of an Olive Extract on the Growth Performance, Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_full | Effects of High Starch and Supplementation of an Olive Extract on the Growth Performance, Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Effects of High Starch and Supplementation of an Olive Extract on the Growth Performance, Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of High Starch and Supplementation of an Olive Extract on the Growth Performance, Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_short | Effects of High Starch and Supplementation of an Olive Extract on the Growth Performance, Hepatic Antioxidant Capacity and Lipid Metabolism of Largemouth Bass (<i>Micropterus salmoides</i>) |
| title_sort | effects of high starch and supplementation of an olive extract on the growth performance hepatic antioxidant capacity and lipid metabolism of largemouth bass i micropterus salmoides i |
| topic | largemouth bass high starch antioxidant lipid metabolism metabolic liver disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/3/577 |
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