Biocompatible High-Resolution 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices: Integrated Cell Chemotaxis Demonstration
We demonstrate a method to effectively 3D print microfluidic devices with high-resolution features using a biocompatible resin based on avobenzone as the UV absorber. Our method relies on spectrally shaping the 3D printer source spectrum so that it is fully overlapped by avobenzone’s absorption spec...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Micromachines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/8/1589 |
| _version_ | 1797583769940525056 |
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| author | Mawla Boaks Connor Roper Matthew Viglione Kent Hooper Adam T. Woolley Kenneth A. Christensen Gregory P. Nordin |
| author_facet | Mawla Boaks Connor Roper Matthew Viglione Kent Hooper Adam T. Woolley Kenneth A. Christensen Gregory P. Nordin |
| author_sort | Mawla Boaks |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We demonstrate a method to effectively 3D print microfluidic devices with high-resolution features using a biocompatible resin based on avobenzone as the UV absorber. Our method relies on spectrally shaping the 3D printer source spectrum so that it is fully overlapped by avobenzone’s absorption spectrum. Complete overlap is essential to effectively limit the optical penetration depth, which is required to achieve high out-of-plane resolution. We demonstrate the high resolution in practice by 3D printing 15 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m square pillars in a microfluidic chamber, where the pillars are separated by 7.7 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m and are printed with 5 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m layers. Furthermore, we show reliable membrane valves and pumps using the biocompatible resin. Valves are tested to 1,000,000 actuations with no observable degradation in performance. Finally, we create a concentration gradient generation (CG) component and utilize it in two device designs for cell chemotaxis studies. The first design relies on an external dual syringe pump to generate source and sink flows to supply the CG channel, while the second is a complete integrated device incorporating on-chip pumps, valves, and reservoirs. Both device types are seeded with adherent cells that are subjected to a chemoattractant CG, and both show clear evidence of chemotactic cellular migration. Moreover, the integrated device demonstrates cellular migration comparable to the external syringe pump device. This demonstration illustrates the effectiveness of our integrated chemotactic assay approach and high-resolution biocompatible resin 3D printing fabrication process. In addition, our 3D printing process has been tuned for rapid fabrication, as printing times for the two device designs are, respectively, 8 and 15 min. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:43:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f170950c58d49c8a19de0696d26b9e0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-666X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:43:41Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Micromachines |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f170950c58d49c8a19de0696d26b9e02023-11-19T02:14:04ZengMDPI AGMicromachines2072-666X2023-08-01148158910.3390/mi14081589Biocompatible High-Resolution 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices: Integrated Cell Chemotaxis DemonstrationMawla Boaks0Connor Roper1Matthew Viglione2Kent Hooper3Adam T. Woolley4Kenneth A. Christensen5Gregory P. Nordin6Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USADepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USAWe demonstrate a method to effectively 3D print microfluidic devices with high-resolution features using a biocompatible resin based on avobenzone as the UV absorber. Our method relies on spectrally shaping the 3D printer source spectrum so that it is fully overlapped by avobenzone’s absorption spectrum. Complete overlap is essential to effectively limit the optical penetration depth, which is required to achieve high out-of-plane resolution. We demonstrate the high resolution in practice by 3D printing 15 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m square pillars in a microfluidic chamber, where the pillars are separated by 7.7 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m and are printed with 5 <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">μ</mi></semantics></math></inline-formula>m layers. Furthermore, we show reliable membrane valves and pumps using the biocompatible resin. Valves are tested to 1,000,000 actuations with no observable degradation in performance. Finally, we create a concentration gradient generation (CG) component and utilize it in two device designs for cell chemotaxis studies. The first design relies on an external dual syringe pump to generate source and sink flows to supply the CG channel, while the second is a complete integrated device incorporating on-chip pumps, valves, and reservoirs. Both device types are seeded with adherent cells that are subjected to a chemoattractant CG, and both show clear evidence of chemotactic cellular migration. Moreover, the integrated device demonstrates cellular migration comparable to the external syringe pump device. This demonstration illustrates the effectiveness of our integrated chemotactic assay approach and high-resolution biocompatible resin 3D printing fabrication process. In addition, our 3D printing process has been tuned for rapid fabrication, as printing times for the two device designs are, respectively, 8 and 15 min.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/8/1589microfluidics3D printingconcentration gradientchemotaxisintegrated chemotaxisbiocompatible |
| spellingShingle | Mawla Boaks Connor Roper Matthew Viglione Kent Hooper Adam T. Woolley Kenneth A. Christensen Gregory P. Nordin Biocompatible High-Resolution 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices: Integrated Cell Chemotaxis Demonstration Micromachines microfluidics 3D printing concentration gradient chemotaxis integrated chemotaxis biocompatible |
| title | Biocompatible High-Resolution 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices: Integrated Cell Chemotaxis Demonstration |
| title_full | Biocompatible High-Resolution 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices: Integrated Cell Chemotaxis Demonstration |
| title_fullStr | Biocompatible High-Resolution 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices: Integrated Cell Chemotaxis Demonstration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biocompatible High-Resolution 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices: Integrated Cell Chemotaxis Demonstration |
| title_short | Biocompatible High-Resolution 3D-Printed Microfluidic Devices: Integrated Cell Chemotaxis Demonstration |
| title_sort | biocompatible high resolution 3d printed microfluidic devices integrated cell chemotaxis demonstration |
| topic | microfluidics 3D printing concentration gradient chemotaxis integrated chemotaxis biocompatible |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/14/8/1589 |
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