Phosphorus-Containing Silsesquioxane Derivatives as Additive or Reactive Components of Epoxy Resins
Two phosphorus-containing cage-like silsesquioxane derivatives were synthesized as reactive or additive flame retardants for epoxy resin. The silsesquioxanes were obtained via an epoxide ring-opening reaction using a 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPA). In one deriva...
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2020-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/23/5373 |
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| author | Mariusz Szołyga Michał Dutkiewicz Marek Nowicki Kamila Sałasińska Maciej Celiński Bogdan Marciniec |
| author_facet | Mariusz Szołyga Michał Dutkiewicz Marek Nowicki Kamila Sałasińska Maciej Celiński Bogdan Marciniec |
| author_sort | Mariusz Szołyga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two phosphorus-containing cage-like silsesquioxane derivatives were synthesized as reactive or additive flame retardants for epoxy resin. The silsesquioxanes were obtained via an epoxide ring-opening reaction using a 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPA). In one derivative containing in its structure 4 glycidoxypropyl and 4 phosphate groups, denoted as 4P4GS, only half of the epoxy rings was reacted with phosphate to obtain a reactive additive, while in the second derivative containing 8 phosphate groups, denoted as 8PS, all epoxy groups were converted, thus an additive modifier was obtained. The silsesquioxanes containing phosphorus atoms and the reactive phosphorus-free silsesquioxane derivative (octakis[(3-glycidoxypropyl)dimethylsiloxy]octasilsesquioxane (8GS)) were used to prepare hybrid materials based on epoxy resin. To compare the impact of the structure of silsesquioxane derivatives on the properties of hybrid materials, a number of samples containing 1, 5, and 10% of the modifiers making a series of epoxy materials containing additive or reactive modifiers, were obtained. The modified epoxies were studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nanoindentation, water contact angle, and cone calorimetry tests to assess the effects of the modifier structure on the physicochemical properties of the investigated materials. |
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| id | doaj.art-7f27b99038b44fdfac9d871a8f5fab14 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T14:32:09Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f27b99038b44fdfac9d871a8f5fab142023-11-20T22:30:01ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442020-11-011323537310.3390/ma13235373Phosphorus-Containing Silsesquioxane Derivatives as Additive or Reactive Components of Epoxy ResinsMariusz Szołyga0Michał Dutkiewicz1Marek Nowicki2Kamila Sałasińska3Maciej Celiński4Bogdan Marciniec5Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, PolandCentre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, PolandCentre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, PolandDepartment of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, Central Institute for Labour Protection - National Research Institute, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, PolandCentre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan, Uniwersytetu Poznanskiego 10, 61-614 Poznan, PolandTwo phosphorus-containing cage-like silsesquioxane derivatives were synthesized as reactive or additive flame retardants for epoxy resin. The silsesquioxanes were obtained via an epoxide ring-opening reaction using a 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPA). In one derivative containing in its structure 4 glycidoxypropyl and 4 phosphate groups, denoted as 4P4GS, only half of the epoxy rings was reacted with phosphate to obtain a reactive additive, while in the second derivative containing 8 phosphate groups, denoted as 8PS, all epoxy groups were converted, thus an additive modifier was obtained. The silsesquioxanes containing phosphorus atoms and the reactive phosphorus-free silsesquioxane derivative (octakis[(3-glycidoxypropyl)dimethylsiloxy]octasilsesquioxane (8GS)) were used to prepare hybrid materials based on epoxy resin. To compare the impact of the structure of silsesquioxane derivatives on the properties of hybrid materials, a number of samples containing 1, 5, and 10% of the modifiers making a series of epoxy materials containing additive or reactive modifiers, were obtained. The modified epoxies were studied using scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), nanoindentation, water contact angle, and cone calorimetry tests to assess the effects of the modifier structure on the physicochemical properties of the investigated materials.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/23/5373silsesquioxanephosphateepoxy resinflammability |
| spellingShingle | Mariusz Szołyga Michał Dutkiewicz Marek Nowicki Kamila Sałasińska Maciej Celiński Bogdan Marciniec Phosphorus-Containing Silsesquioxane Derivatives as Additive or Reactive Components of Epoxy Resins Materials silsesquioxane phosphate epoxy resin flammability |
| title | Phosphorus-Containing Silsesquioxane Derivatives as Additive or Reactive Components of Epoxy Resins |
| title_full | Phosphorus-Containing Silsesquioxane Derivatives as Additive or Reactive Components of Epoxy Resins |
| title_fullStr | Phosphorus-Containing Silsesquioxane Derivatives as Additive or Reactive Components of Epoxy Resins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phosphorus-Containing Silsesquioxane Derivatives as Additive or Reactive Components of Epoxy Resins |
| title_short | Phosphorus-Containing Silsesquioxane Derivatives as Additive or Reactive Components of Epoxy Resins |
| title_sort | phosphorus containing silsesquioxane derivatives as additive or reactive components of epoxy resins |
| topic | silsesquioxane phosphate epoxy resin flammability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/13/23/5373 |
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