Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Epoxy Composites Containing Highly Entangled As-Received and Acid Treated Carbon Nanotubes
Huntsman–Merrimack MIRALON<sup>®</sup> carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a novel, highly entangled, commercially available, and scalable format of nanotubes. As-received and acid-treated CNTs were added to aerospace grade epoxy (CYCOM<sup>®</sup> 977-3), and the composites were cha...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2445 |
| _version_ | 1797517870072070144 |
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| author | Aaron S. Krieg Julia A. King Gregory M. Odegard Timothy R. Leftwich Leif K. Odegard Paul D. Fraley Ibrahim Miskioglu Claire Jolowsky Matthew Lundblad Jin Gyu Park Richard Liang |
| author_facet | Aaron S. Krieg Julia A. King Gregory M. Odegard Timothy R. Leftwich Leif K. Odegard Paul D. Fraley Ibrahim Miskioglu Claire Jolowsky Matthew Lundblad Jin Gyu Park Richard Liang |
| author_sort | Aaron S. Krieg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Huntsman–Merrimack MIRALON<sup>®</sup> carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a novel, highly entangled, commercially available, and scalable format of nanotubes. As-received and acid-treated CNTs were added to aerospace grade epoxy (CYCOM<sup>®</sup> 977-3), and the composites were characterized. The epoxy resin is expected to infiltrate the network of the CNTs and could improve mechanical properties. Epoxy composites were tested for flexural and viscoelastic properties and the as-received and acid treated CNTs were characterized using Field-Emission Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric Analysis. Composites containing 0.4 wt% as-received CNTs showed an increase in flexural strength, from 136.9 MPa for neat epoxy to 147.5 MPa. In addition, the flexural modulus increased from 3.88 GPa for the neat epoxy to 4.24 GPa and 4.49 GPa for the 2.0 wt% and 3.0 wt% as-received CNT/epoxy composites, respectively. FE-SEM micrographs indicated good dispersion of the CNTs in the as-received CNT/epoxy composites and the 10 M nitric acid 6 h treatment at 120 °C CNT/epoxy composites. CNTs treated with 10 M nitric acid for 6 h at 120 °C added oxygen containing functional groups (C–O, C=O, and O=C–O) and removed iron catalyst present on the as-received CNTs, but the flexural properties were not improved compared to the as-received CNT/epoxy composites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:22:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f417959cfc94a7ea9b9676e5e935e6a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:22:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f417959cfc94a7ea9b9676e5e935e6a2023-11-22T14:32:41ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912021-09-01119244510.3390/nano11092445Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Epoxy Composites Containing Highly Entangled As-Received and Acid Treated Carbon NanotubesAaron S. Krieg0Julia A. King1Gregory M. Odegard2Timothy R. Leftwich3Leif K. Odegard4Paul D. Fraley5Ibrahim Miskioglu6Claire Jolowsky7Matthew Lundblad8Jin Gyu Park9Richard Liang10Michigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USAMichigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USAMichigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USAMichigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USAMichigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USAMichigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USAMichigan Technological University, 1400 Townsend Drive, Houghton, MI 49931, USAFlorida State University, High-Performance Materials Institute, 2005 Levy Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USAFlorida State University, High-Performance Materials Institute, 2005 Levy Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USAFlorida State University, High-Performance Materials Institute, 2005 Levy Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USAFlorida State University, High-Performance Materials Institute, 2005 Levy Ave, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USAHuntsman–Merrimack MIRALON<sup>®</sup> carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a novel, highly entangled, commercially available, and scalable format of nanotubes. As-received and acid-treated CNTs were added to aerospace grade epoxy (CYCOM<sup>®</sup> 977-3), and the composites were characterized. The epoxy resin is expected to infiltrate the network of the CNTs and could improve mechanical properties. Epoxy composites were tested for flexural and viscoelastic properties and the as-received and acid treated CNTs were characterized using Field-Emission Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, and Thermogravimetric Analysis. Composites containing 0.4 wt% as-received CNTs showed an increase in flexural strength, from 136.9 MPa for neat epoxy to 147.5 MPa. In addition, the flexural modulus increased from 3.88 GPa for the neat epoxy to 4.24 GPa and 4.49 GPa for the 2.0 wt% and 3.0 wt% as-received CNT/epoxy composites, respectively. FE-SEM micrographs indicated good dispersion of the CNTs in the as-received CNT/epoxy composites and the 10 M nitric acid 6 h treatment at 120 °C CNT/epoxy composites. CNTs treated with 10 M nitric acid for 6 h at 120 °C added oxygen containing functional groups (C–O, C=O, and O=C–O) and removed iron catalyst present on the as-received CNTs, but the flexural properties were not improved compared to the as-received CNT/epoxy composites.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2445multi-walled carbon nanotubesepoxy compositesflexural strengthfunctionalized nanotubes |
| spellingShingle | Aaron S. Krieg Julia A. King Gregory M. Odegard Timothy R. Leftwich Leif K. Odegard Paul D. Fraley Ibrahim Miskioglu Claire Jolowsky Matthew Lundblad Jin Gyu Park Richard Liang Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Epoxy Composites Containing Highly Entangled As-Received and Acid Treated Carbon Nanotubes Nanomaterials multi-walled carbon nanotubes epoxy composites flexural strength functionalized nanotubes |
| title | Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Epoxy Composites Containing Highly Entangled As-Received and Acid Treated Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_full | Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Epoxy Composites Containing Highly Entangled As-Received and Acid Treated Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_fullStr | Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Epoxy Composites Containing Highly Entangled As-Received and Acid Treated Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Epoxy Composites Containing Highly Entangled As-Received and Acid Treated Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_short | Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Epoxy Composites Containing Highly Entangled As-Received and Acid Treated Carbon Nanotubes |
| title_sort | mechanical properties and characterization of epoxy composites containing highly entangled as received and acid treated carbon nanotubes |
| topic | multi-walled carbon nanotubes epoxy composites flexural strength functionalized nanotubes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/11/9/2445 |
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