Protein Corona Hinders N-CQDs Oxidative Potential and Favors Their Application as Nanobiocatalytic System
The oxidative properties of nanomaterials arouse legitimate concerns about oxidative damage in biological systems. On the other hand, the undisputable benefits of nanomaterials promote them for biomedical applications; thus, the strategies to reduce oxidative potential are urgently needed. We aimed...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/8136 |
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| author | Joanna Czarnecka Mateusz Kwiatkowski Marek Wiśniewski Katarzyna Roszek |
| author_facet | Joanna Czarnecka Mateusz Kwiatkowski Marek Wiśniewski Katarzyna Roszek |
| author_sort | Joanna Czarnecka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The oxidative properties of nanomaterials arouse legitimate concerns about oxidative damage in biological systems. On the other hand, the undisputable benefits of nanomaterials promote them for biomedical applications; thus, the strategies to reduce oxidative potential are urgently needed. We aimed at analysis of nitrogen-containing carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) in terms of their biocompatibility and internalization by different cells. Surprisingly, N-CQD uptake does not contribute to the increased oxidative stress inside cells and lacks cytotoxic influence even at high concentrations, primarily through protein corona formation. We proved experimentally that the protein coating effectively limits the oxidative capacity of N-CQDs. Thus, N-CQDs served as an immobilization support for three different enzymes with the potential to be used as therapeutics. Various kinetic parameters of immobilized enzymes were analyzed. Regardless of the enzyme structure and type of reaction catalyzed, adsorption on the nanocarrier resulted in increased catalytic efficiency. The enzymatic-protein-to-nanomaterial ratio is the pivotal factor determining the course of kinetic parameter changes that can be tailored for enzyme application. We conclude that the above properties of N-CQDs make them an ideal support for enzymatic drugs required for multiple biomedical applications, including personalized medical therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:15:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f474710a05849748cbf87d8e79eba01 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:15:02Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f474710a05849748cbf87d8e79eba012023-11-22T05:43:45ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-07-012215813610.3390/ijms22158136Protein Corona Hinders N-CQDs Oxidative Potential and Favors Their Application as Nanobiocatalytic SystemJoanna Czarnecka0Mateusz Kwiatkowski1Marek Wiśniewski2Katarzyna Roszek3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, PolandChair of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, PolandPhysicochemistry of Carbon Materials Research Group, Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, PolandDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, PolandThe oxidative properties of nanomaterials arouse legitimate concerns about oxidative damage in biological systems. On the other hand, the undisputable benefits of nanomaterials promote them for biomedical applications; thus, the strategies to reduce oxidative potential are urgently needed. We aimed at analysis of nitrogen-containing carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) in terms of their biocompatibility and internalization by different cells. Surprisingly, N-CQD uptake does not contribute to the increased oxidative stress inside cells and lacks cytotoxic influence even at high concentrations, primarily through protein corona formation. We proved experimentally that the protein coating effectively limits the oxidative capacity of N-CQDs. Thus, N-CQDs served as an immobilization support for three different enzymes with the potential to be used as therapeutics. Various kinetic parameters of immobilized enzymes were analyzed. Regardless of the enzyme structure and type of reaction catalyzed, adsorption on the nanocarrier resulted in increased catalytic efficiency. The enzymatic-protein-to-nanomaterial ratio is the pivotal factor determining the course of kinetic parameter changes that can be tailored for enzyme application. We conclude that the above properties of N-CQDs make them an ideal support for enzymatic drugs required for multiple biomedical applications, including personalized medical therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/8136nitrogen-containing carbon quantum dotsprotein coronaenzyme immobilizationcytotoxicitynanobiocatalytic systems |
| spellingShingle | Joanna Czarnecka Mateusz Kwiatkowski Marek Wiśniewski Katarzyna Roszek Protein Corona Hinders N-CQDs Oxidative Potential and Favors Their Application as Nanobiocatalytic System International Journal of Molecular Sciences nitrogen-containing carbon quantum dots protein corona enzyme immobilization cytotoxicity nanobiocatalytic systems |
| title | Protein Corona Hinders N-CQDs Oxidative Potential and Favors Their Application as Nanobiocatalytic System |
| title_full | Protein Corona Hinders N-CQDs Oxidative Potential and Favors Their Application as Nanobiocatalytic System |
| title_fullStr | Protein Corona Hinders N-CQDs Oxidative Potential and Favors Their Application as Nanobiocatalytic System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protein Corona Hinders N-CQDs Oxidative Potential and Favors Their Application as Nanobiocatalytic System |
| title_short | Protein Corona Hinders N-CQDs Oxidative Potential and Favors Their Application as Nanobiocatalytic System |
| title_sort | protein corona hinders n cqds oxidative potential and favors their application as nanobiocatalytic system |
| topic | nitrogen-containing carbon quantum dots protein corona enzyme immobilization cytotoxicity nanobiocatalytic systems |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/15/8136 |
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