Measuring Dam Deformation of Long-Distance Water Transfer Using Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry: A Case Study in South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China
Long-distance water transfer is a critical engineering measure to rectify disparities in water resource distribution across regions. The effective operation and safety of such projects are paramount to their success, as localized issues can have cascading consequences, potentially disrupting the ent...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/365 |
| _version_ | 1797342592486080512 |
|---|---|
| author | Ruya Xiao Xiaoyuan Gao Xun Wang Shanshui Yuan Zhou Wu Xiufeng He |
| author_facet | Ruya Xiao Xiaoyuan Gao Xun Wang Shanshui Yuan Zhou Wu Xiufeng He |
| author_sort | Ruya Xiao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Long-distance water transfer is a critical engineering measure to rectify disparities in water resource distribution across regions. The effective operation and safety of such projects are paramount to their success, as localized issues can have cascading consequences, potentially disrupting the entire network. Conventional ground-based monitoring methods have limitations in measuring the deformation of large-scale structures. In this paper, InSAR is employed to monitor the deformation of the Shuangwangcheng (SWC) Reservoir, which features a long embankment dam as part of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. We utilize data from both Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X satellites to derive 7-year deformation. Results reveal that the entire dam experiences continuous subsidence, with the maximum deformation in the line-of-sight direction measuring ~160 mm. While minor differential settlements are noted in different sections of the dam, the gradient is not significant due to the dam’s substantial length. The InSAR deformation results from multiple geometries demonstrate good consistency, with the highest correlation observed between the Sentinel-1 ascending and descending datasets, exceeding 0.9. Validation against the GNSS observations of the three sites on the SWC Dam shows the accuracy of InSAR displacements is ~8 mm. Water level changes do impact deformation, but consolidation settlement appears to be the primary controlling factor during the monitoring period. This study underscores the potential of InSAR in long-distance water transfer projects and highlights that spatially continuous deformation is the most significant advantage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:35:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f4cbbc89a2941dba96b4a42402543fe |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:35:31Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f4cbbc89a2941dba96b4a42402543fe2024-01-26T18:19:22ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-01-0116236510.3390/rs16020365Measuring Dam Deformation of Long-Distance Water Transfer Using Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry: A Case Study in South-to-North Water Diversion Project, ChinaRuya Xiao0Xiaoyuan Gao1Xun Wang2Shanshui Yuan3Zhou Wu4Xiufeng He5School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaYangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaSchool of Geospatial Engineering and Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaLong-distance water transfer is a critical engineering measure to rectify disparities in water resource distribution across regions. The effective operation and safety of such projects are paramount to their success, as localized issues can have cascading consequences, potentially disrupting the entire network. Conventional ground-based monitoring methods have limitations in measuring the deformation of large-scale structures. In this paper, InSAR is employed to monitor the deformation of the Shuangwangcheng (SWC) Reservoir, which features a long embankment dam as part of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China. We utilize data from both Sentinel-1 and TerraSAR-X satellites to derive 7-year deformation. Results reveal that the entire dam experiences continuous subsidence, with the maximum deformation in the line-of-sight direction measuring ~160 mm. While minor differential settlements are noted in different sections of the dam, the gradient is not significant due to the dam’s substantial length. The InSAR deformation results from multiple geometries demonstrate good consistency, with the highest correlation observed between the Sentinel-1 ascending and descending datasets, exceeding 0.9. Validation against the GNSS observations of the three sites on the SWC Dam shows the accuracy of InSAR displacements is ~8 mm. Water level changes do impact deformation, but consolidation settlement appears to be the primary controlling factor during the monitoring period. This study underscores the potential of InSAR in long-distance water transfer projects and highlights that spatially continuous deformation is the most significant advantage.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/365dam deformationInSARlong-distance water transferSouth-to-North Water Diversion ProjectShuangwangcheng ReservoirGNSS |
| spellingShingle | Ruya Xiao Xiaoyuan Gao Xun Wang Shanshui Yuan Zhou Wu Xiufeng He Measuring Dam Deformation of Long-Distance Water Transfer Using Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry: A Case Study in South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China Remote Sensing dam deformation InSAR long-distance water transfer South-to-North Water Diversion Project Shuangwangcheng Reservoir GNSS |
| title | Measuring Dam Deformation of Long-Distance Water Transfer Using Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry: A Case Study in South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China |
| title_full | Measuring Dam Deformation of Long-Distance Water Transfer Using Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry: A Case Study in South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China |
| title_fullStr | Measuring Dam Deformation of Long-Distance Water Transfer Using Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry: A Case Study in South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Measuring Dam Deformation of Long-Distance Water Transfer Using Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry: A Case Study in South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China |
| title_short | Measuring Dam Deformation of Long-Distance Water Transfer Using Multi-Temporal Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometry: A Case Study in South-to-North Water Diversion Project, China |
| title_sort | measuring dam deformation of long distance water transfer using multi temporal synthetic aperture radar interferometry a case study in south to north water diversion project china |
| topic | dam deformation InSAR long-distance water transfer South-to-North Water Diversion Project Shuangwangcheng Reservoir GNSS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/2/365 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ruyaxiao measuringdamdeformationoflongdistancewatertransferusingmultitemporalsyntheticapertureradarinterferometryacasestudyinsouthtonorthwaterdiversionprojectchina AT xiaoyuangao measuringdamdeformationoflongdistancewatertransferusingmultitemporalsyntheticapertureradarinterferometryacasestudyinsouthtonorthwaterdiversionprojectchina AT xunwang measuringdamdeformationoflongdistancewatertransferusingmultitemporalsyntheticapertureradarinterferometryacasestudyinsouthtonorthwaterdiversionprojectchina AT shanshuiyuan measuringdamdeformationoflongdistancewatertransferusingmultitemporalsyntheticapertureradarinterferometryacasestudyinsouthtonorthwaterdiversionprojectchina AT zhouwu measuringdamdeformationoflongdistancewatertransferusingmultitemporalsyntheticapertureradarinterferometryacasestudyinsouthtonorthwaterdiversionprojectchina AT xiufenghe measuringdamdeformationoflongdistancewatertransferusingmultitemporalsyntheticapertureradarinterferometryacasestudyinsouthtonorthwaterdiversionprojectchina |