Shorter sleep among adolescents is associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption the following day
Abstract Background Insufficient sleep has been associated with weight gain and metabolic dysregulation, with one suggested mechanism being through reduction in diet quality. Experimental evidence supports a causal effect of sleep timings on diet but this may not be applicable to a free-living adole...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-023-01420-6 |
| _version_ | 1811165707242569728 |
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| author | Eleanor M. Winpenny Harriet Rowthorn Stefanie Hollidge Kate Westgate Ian M. Goodyer Soren Brage Esther M. F. van Sluijs |
| author_facet | Eleanor M. Winpenny Harriet Rowthorn Stefanie Hollidge Kate Westgate Ian M. Goodyer Soren Brage Esther M. F. van Sluijs |
| author_sort | Eleanor M. Winpenny |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Insufficient sleep has been associated with weight gain and metabolic dysregulation, with one suggested mechanism being through reduction in diet quality. Experimental evidence supports a causal effect of sleep timings on diet but this may not be applicable to a free-living adolescent population. In this analysis we use daily measures of sleep timings and diet quality, to examine the effect of sleep duration and timing on diet quality the following day among free-living adolescents. Methods The ROOTS study is a prospective cohort recruited from secondary schools in Cambridgeshire and Suffolk (UK). Participants (n = 815) at mean age 15.0y (SD 0.3y) completed a diet diary and wore a combined heart rate and accelerometer device over 4 consecutive days. Sleep duration and timing (midpoint) were derived from acceleration and heart rate traces, while daily energy density and fruit and vegetable intake were calculated from dietary data. Analyses were performed at day-level (1815 person-days). Multilevel random effects models were used to test associations between sleep each night and subsequent day diet, with daily sleep and diet measures nested within individuals and schools, and adjusted for day-level and individual-level confounding variables. Results Adolescents slept a mean of 7.88 hrs (SD 1.10) per night, reporting a mean energy density of 2.12 kcal/g (SD 0.48) and median energy-adjusted daily fruit and vegetable intake of 137.3 g (IQR 130.4). One hour shorter sleep duration was associated with lower intake of fruit and vegetables (-6.42 g, 95%CI -1.84, -10.99) the following day. An association with higher dietary energy density (0.016 kcal/g, 95%CI 0.034, -0.002) the following day was observed but did not reach statistical significance. Sleep timing was not associated with either fruit and vegetable intake (-2.52 g/d, 95%CI -7.66, 2.62) or dietary energy density (-0.001 kcal/g, 95%CI -0.022, 0.020). Conclusions Our observational findings from a free-living adolescent population support the experimental evidence for a causal role of sleep on diet, with shorter sleep duration at night leading to a small decrease in diet quality the following day. These findings support experimental evidence to suggest inclusion of sleep duration as one component of interventions designed to improve diet quality and weight status in adolescents. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:41:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f57388e1f8141b5904bddfc522b0d10 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1479-5868 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T15:41:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f57388e1f8141b5904bddfc522b0d102023-02-12T12:22:57ZengBMCInternational Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity1479-58682023-02-012011910.1186/s12966-023-01420-6Shorter sleep among adolescents is associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption the following dayEleanor M. Winpenny0Harriet Rowthorn1Stefanie Hollidge2Kate Westgate3Ian M. Goodyer4Soren Brage5Esther M. F. van Sluijs6MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of CambridgeMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of CambridgeMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of CambridgeMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of CambridgeDevelopmental Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, University of CambridgeMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of CambridgeMRC Epidemiology Unit, University of CambridgeAbstract Background Insufficient sleep has been associated with weight gain and metabolic dysregulation, with one suggested mechanism being through reduction in diet quality. Experimental evidence supports a causal effect of sleep timings on diet but this may not be applicable to a free-living adolescent population. In this analysis we use daily measures of sleep timings and diet quality, to examine the effect of sleep duration and timing on diet quality the following day among free-living adolescents. Methods The ROOTS study is a prospective cohort recruited from secondary schools in Cambridgeshire and Suffolk (UK). Participants (n = 815) at mean age 15.0y (SD 0.3y) completed a diet diary and wore a combined heart rate and accelerometer device over 4 consecutive days. Sleep duration and timing (midpoint) were derived from acceleration and heart rate traces, while daily energy density and fruit and vegetable intake were calculated from dietary data. Analyses were performed at day-level (1815 person-days). Multilevel random effects models were used to test associations between sleep each night and subsequent day diet, with daily sleep and diet measures nested within individuals and schools, and adjusted for day-level and individual-level confounding variables. Results Adolescents slept a mean of 7.88 hrs (SD 1.10) per night, reporting a mean energy density of 2.12 kcal/g (SD 0.48) and median energy-adjusted daily fruit and vegetable intake of 137.3 g (IQR 130.4). One hour shorter sleep duration was associated with lower intake of fruit and vegetables (-6.42 g, 95%CI -1.84, -10.99) the following day. An association with higher dietary energy density (0.016 kcal/g, 95%CI 0.034, -0.002) the following day was observed but did not reach statistical significance. Sleep timing was not associated with either fruit and vegetable intake (-2.52 g/d, 95%CI -7.66, 2.62) or dietary energy density (-0.001 kcal/g, 95%CI -0.022, 0.020). Conclusions Our observational findings from a free-living adolescent population support the experimental evidence for a causal role of sleep on diet, with shorter sleep duration at night leading to a small decrease in diet quality the following day. These findings support experimental evidence to suggest inclusion of sleep duration as one component of interventions designed to improve diet quality and weight status in adolescents.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-023-01420-6AdolescentDiet qualityEnergy densityLongitudinalSleep durationSleep timing |
| spellingShingle | Eleanor M. Winpenny Harriet Rowthorn Stefanie Hollidge Kate Westgate Ian M. Goodyer Soren Brage Esther M. F. van Sluijs Shorter sleep among adolescents is associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption the following day International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity Adolescent Diet quality Energy density Longitudinal Sleep duration Sleep timing |
| title | Shorter sleep among adolescents is associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption the following day |
| title_full | Shorter sleep among adolescents is associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption the following day |
| title_fullStr | Shorter sleep among adolescents is associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption the following day |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shorter sleep among adolescents is associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption the following day |
| title_short | Shorter sleep among adolescents is associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption the following day |
| title_sort | shorter sleep among adolescents is associated with lower fruit and vegetable consumption the following day |
| topic | Adolescent Diet quality Energy density Longitudinal Sleep duration Sleep timing |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-023-01420-6 |
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