Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review
In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regardi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2015-12-01
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| Series: | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/4/4/2842 |
| _version_ | 1818349544343076864 |
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| author | Filip Biljecki Jantien Stoter Hugo Ledoux Sisi Zlatanova Arzu Çöltekin |
| author_facet | Filip Biljecki Jantien Stoter Hugo Ledoux Sisi Zlatanova Arzu Çöltekin |
| author_sort | Filip Biljecki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources. A challenge in a study such as ours is that the ways in which 3D city models are used cannot be readily listed due to fuzziness, terminological ambiguity, unclear added-value of 3D geoinformation in some instances, and absence of technical information. To address this challenge, we delineate a hierarchical terminology (spatial operations, use cases, applications), and develop a theoretical reasoning to segment and categorise the diverse uses of 3D city models. Following this framework, we provide a list of identified use cases of 3D city models (with a description of each), and their applications. Our study demonstrates that 3D city models are employed in at least 29 use cases that are a part of more than 100 applications. The classified inventory could be useful for scientists as well as stakeholders in the geospatial industry, such as companies and national mapping agencies, as it may serve as a reference document to better position their operations, design product portfolios, and to better understand the market. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T18:07:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f711d1ea4084b6fa6db01534f5189ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2220-9964 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T18:07:38Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f711d1ea4084b6fa6db01534f5189ad2022-12-21T23:36:02ZengMDPI AGISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information2220-99642015-12-01442842288910.3390/ijgi4042842ijgi4042842Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art ReviewFilip Biljecki0Jantien Stoter1Hugo Ledoux2Sisi Zlatanova3Arzu Çöltekin43D geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands3D geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands3D geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, The Netherlands3D geoinformation, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, The NetherlandsDepartment of Geography, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, SwitzerlandIn the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across multiple domains based on a comprehensive literature study including hundreds of research papers, technical reports and online resources. A challenge in a study such as ours is that the ways in which 3D city models are used cannot be readily listed due to fuzziness, terminological ambiguity, unclear added-value of 3D geoinformation in some instances, and absence of technical information. To address this challenge, we delineate a hierarchical terminology (spatial operations, use cases, applications), and develop a theoretical reasoning to segment and categorise the diverse uses of 3D city models. Following this framework, we provide a list of identified use cases of 3D city models (with a description of each), and their applications. Our study demonstrates that 3D city models are employed in at least 29 use cases that are a part of more than 100 applications. The classified inventory could be useful for scientists as well as stakeholders in the geospatial industry, such as companies and national mapping agencies, as it may serve as a reference document to better position their operations, design product portfolios, and to better understand the market.http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/4/4/28423D city models3D GIS3D geoinformationuse caseapplicationCityGMLLiDARurban models3D building modelsGIScience |
| spellingShingle | Filip Biljecki Jantien Stoter Hugo Ledoux Sisi Zlatanova Arzu Çöltekin Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 3D city models 3D GIS 3D geoinformation use case application CityGML LiDAR urban models 3D building models GIScience |
| title | Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review |
| title_full | Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review |
| title_fullStr | Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review |
| title_short | Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review |
| title_sort | applications of 3d city models state of the art review |
| topic | 3D city models 3D GIS 3D geoinformation use case application CityGML LiDAR urban models 3D building models GIScience |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2220-9964/4/4/2842 |
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