Disease-Causing Agents in Cashew: A Review in a Tropical Cash Crop
Due to the high market value of cashew nut, cashew became a significantly important cash crop in many countries. Originating from Brazil, the plant was introduced into Africa, India, and Southeast Asia and is nowadays found across most of the tropical regions. However, the diseases that threaten and...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2553 |
| _version_ | 1797476064245579776 |
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| author | Filipa Monteiro Maria M. Romeiras João Barnabé Silvia Catarino Dora Batista Mónica Sebastiana |
| author_facet | Filipa Monteiro Maria M. Romeiras João Barnabé Silvia Catarino Dora Batista Mónica Sebastiana |
| author_sort | Filipa Monteiro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to the high market value of cashew nut, cashew became a significantly important cash crop in many countries. Originating from Brazil, the plant was introduced into Africa, India, and Southeast Asia and is nowadays found across most of the tropical regions. However, the diseases that threaten and compromise crop production have not yet been comprehensively documented. The aim of this study was to examine the published scientific data on cashew diseases, to identify current knowledge gaps, and to present a review of the most important diseases and pathogens affecting cashew productivity. The most described diseases are caused by fungi genera—mainly <i>Colletotrichum</i>, <i>Lasiodiplodia</i>, and <i>Erysiphe</i> (worldwide); <i>Cryptosporiopsis</i> (East Africa); and recently <i>Fusarium</i> in Tanzania. Other fungal genera (e.g., <i>Septoria</i>, <i>Pilgeriella</i>, and <i>Pestalotia</i>) may correspond to emerging local cashew diseases that have not yet expanded to other geographic regions or for which records are lacking. Gummosis (<i>Lasiodiplodia</i> spp.), which is considered the most prevalent and damaging disease of cashew, has a pantropical distribution. There is large discrepancy concerning the causal agents of cashew diseases that might be explained by the lack of proper species identification through morpho-cultural and molecular approaches. This, in turn, can easily lead to misdiagnoses that have serious negative consequences for the implementation of specific control actions. It is important to establish a standardized identification workflow that will allow a reliable identification of the disease-causing agent and to determine the occurrence and/or expansion of a given pathogen across cashew-producing regions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:52:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f719e267fcc4f16adcba91876ac262f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:52:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f719e267fcc4f16adcba91876ac262f2023-11-23T22:29:11ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952022-10-011210255310.3390/agronomy12102553Disease-Causing Agents in Cashew: A Review in a Tropical Cash CropFilipa Monteiro0Maria M. Romeiras1João Barnabé2Silvia Catarino3Dora Batista4Mónica Sebastiana5LEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalLEAF—Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food, Associated Laboratory TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017 Lisbon, PortugalBioISI—Instituto de Biosistemas e Ciências Integrativas, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisbon, PortugalDue to the high market value of cashew nut, cashew became a significantly important cash crop in many countries. Originating from Brazil, the plant was introduced into Africa, India, and Southeast Asia and is nowadays found across most of the tropical regions. However, the diseases that threaten and compromise crop production have not yet been comprehensively documented. The aim of this study was to examine the published scientific data on cashew diseases, to identify current knowledge gaps, and to present a review of the most important diseases and pathogens affecting cashew productivity. The most described diseases are caused by fungi genera—mainly <i>Colletotrichum</i>, <i>Lasiodiplodia</i>, and <i>Erysiphe</i> (worldwide); <i>Cryptosporiopsis</i> (East Africa); and recently <i>Fusarium</i> in Tanzania. Other fungal genera (e.g., <i>Septoria</i>, <i>Pilgeriella</i>, and <i>Pestalotia</i>) may correspond to emerging local cashew diseases that have not yet expanded to other geographic regions or for which records are lacking. Gummosis (<i>Lasiodiplodia</i> spp.), which is considered the most prevalent and damaging disease of cashew, has a pantropical distribution. There is large discrepancy concerning the causal agents of cashew diseases that might be explained by the lack of proper species identification through morpho-cultural and molecular approaches. This, in turn, can easily lead to misdiagnoses that have serious negative consequences for the implementation of specific control actions. It is important to establish a standardized identification workflow that will allow a reliable identification of the disease-causing agent and to determine the occurrence and/or expansion of a given pathogen across cashew-producing regions.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2553<i>Anacardium occidentale</i>tropical regionsfungigummosisanthracnosepowdery mildew |
| spellingShingle | Filipa Monteiro Maria M. Romeiras João Barnabé Silvia Catarino Dora Batista Mónica Sebastiana Disease-Causing Agents in Cashew: A Review in a Tropical Cash Crop Agronomy <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> tropical regions fungi gummosis anthracnose powdery mildew |
| title | Disease-Causing Agents in Cashew: A Review in a Tropical Cash Crop |
| title_full | Disease-Causing Agents in Cashew: A Review in a Tropical Cash Crop |
| title_fullStr | Disease-Causing Agents in Cashew: A Review in a Tropical Cash Crop |
| title_full_unstemmed | Disease-Causing Agents in Cashew: A Review in a Tropical Cash Crop |
| title_short | Disease-Causing Agents in Cashew: A Review in a Tropical Cash Crop |
| title_sort | disease causing agents in cashew a review in a tropical cash crop |
| topic | <i>Anacardium occidentale</i> tropical regions fungi gummosis anthracnose powdery mildew |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/10/2553 |
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