Molecular Identification and Dual Functions of Two Different CXC Chemokines in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) against <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> and <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i>
Two CXC chemokines in Nile tilapia (<i>On</i>-CXC1 and <i>On</i>-CXC2) were identified at both the genomic and proteomic levels. A southern blot analysis and comparison searching in Ensembl confirmed the typical structure of the CXC chemokine genes and provided evidence for u...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-07-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1058 |
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| author | Chatsirin Nakharuthai Prapansak Srisapoome |
| author_facet | Chatsirin Nakharuthai Prapansak Srisapoome |
| author_sort | Chatsirin Nakharuthai |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Two CXC chemokines in Nile tilapia (<i>On</i>-CXC1 and <i>On</i>-CXC2) were identified at both the genomic and proteomic levels. A southern blot analysis and comparison searching in Ensembl confirmed the typical structure of the CXC chemokine genes and provided evidence for unusual mechanisms used to generate the two different CXC chemokine transcripts that have not been reported in other vertebrate species so far. The expression levels of <i>On</i>-CXC1 and <i>On</i>-CXC2 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. These two mRNAs were detected in various tissues of normal Nile tilapia, especially in the spleen, heart, and head kidney, indicating a homeostatic function in immunosurveillance. A time-course experiment clearly demonstrated that these two transcripts were effectively enhanced in the head kidney, spleen and trunk kidney of Nile tilapia 6, 12 and 24 h after injection with <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> but were down-regulated in all tested tissues at 48 h, reflecting the fact that they have short half-lives during the crucial response to pathogens that is characteristic of CXC chemokine genes in other vertebrates. Functional analyses obviously exhibited that these two CXC chemokines at concentrations of 1–10 μg strongly inactivated <i>S. agalactiae</i> and <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> and effectively induced phagocytosis of leukocytes in vitro. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:26:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f7d41f14ff84d1ab0ba4432e78ad6a2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:26:48Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f7d41f14ff84d1ab0ba4432e78ad6a22023-11-20T06:56:14ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072020-07-0187105810.3390/microorganisms8071058Molecular Identification and Dual Functions of Two Different CXC Chemokines in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) against <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> and <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i>Chatsirin Nakharuthai0Prapansak Srisapoome1Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandLaboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, 50 Paholayothin Rd, Ladyao, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, ThailandTwo CXC chemokines in Nile tilapia (<i>On</i>-CXC1 and <i>On</i>-CXC2) were identified at both the genomic and proteomic levels. A southern blot analysis and comparison searching in Ensembl confirmed the typical structure of the CXC chemokine genes and provided evidence for unusual mechanisms used to generate the two different CXC chemokine transcripts that have not been reported in other vertebrate species so far. The expression levels of <i>On</i>-CXC1 and <i>On</i>-CXC2 were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. These two mRNAs were detected in various tissues of normal Nile tilapia, especially in the spleen, heart, and head kidney, indicating a homeostatic function in immunosurveillance. A time-course experiment clearly demonstrated that these two transcripts were effectively enhanced in the head kidney, spleen and trunk kidney of Nile tilapia 6, 12 and 24 h after injection with <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> but were down-regulated in all tested tissues at 48 h, reflecting the fact that they have short half-lives during the crucial response to pathogens that is characteristic of CXC chemokine genes in other vertebrates. Functional analyses obviously exhibited that these two CXC chemokines at concentrations of 1–10 μg strongly inactivated <i>S. agalactiae</i> and <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> and effectively induced phagocytosis of leukocytes in vitro.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1058Nile tilapiaimmune responsesCXC chemokinesgenesrecombinant proteinsbiological function |
| spellingShingle | Chatsirin Nakharuthai Prapansak Srisapoome Molecular Identification and Dual Functions of Two Different CXC Chemokines in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) against <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> and <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> Microorganisms Nile tilapia immune responses CXC chemokines genes recombinant proteins biological function |
| title | Molecular Identification and Dual Functions of Two Different CXC Chemokines in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) against <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> and <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> |
| title_full | Molecular Identification and Dual Functions of Two Different CXC Chemokines in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) against <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> and <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Identification and Dual Functions of Two Different CXC Chemokines in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) against <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> and <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Identification and Dual Functions of Two Different CXC Chemokines in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) against <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> and <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> |
| title_short | Molecular Identification and Dual Functions of Two Different CXC Chemokines in Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>) against <i>Streptococcus agalactiae</i> and <i>Flavobacterium columnare</i> |
| title_sort | molecular identification and dual functions of two different cxc chemokines in nile tilapia i oreochromis niloticus i against i streptococcus agalactiae i and i flavobacterium columnare i |
| topic | Nile tilapia immune responses CXC chemokines genes recombinant proteins biological function |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/8/7/1058 |
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