A versatile isothermal amplification assay for the detection of leptospires from various sample types
Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira that affects both humans and animals worldwide. Early detection of the pathogen in humans is crucial for early intervention and control of the progression of the disease to a severe state. It is also vitally im...
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PeerJ Inc.
2022-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/12850.pdf |
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| author | Shuhaidah Othman Pui-Yuei Lee Jia-Yong Lam Noraini Philip Nurul Natasya Azhari Norliza Bahtiar Affendy Siti Norbaya Masri Vasantha Kumari Neela Farah Shafawati Mohd-Taib Hui-Yee Chee |
| author_facet | Shuhaidah Othman Pui-Yuei Lee Jia-Yong Lam Noraini Philip Nurul Natasya Azhari Norliza Bahtiar Affendy Siti Norbaya Masri Vasantha Kumari Neela Farah Shafawati Mohd-Taib Hui-Yee Chee |
| author_sort | Shuhaidah Othman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira that affects both humans and animals worldwide. Early detection of the pathogen in humans is crucial for early intervention and control of the progression of the disease to a severe state. It is also vitally important to be able to detect the presence of the pathogen in carrier animals to control the spread of the disease from the environment. Here we developed a simple and rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the leptospiral secY gene. Results Several reaction conditions of the LAMP reaction were optimized to ensure efficient amplification of the target DNA. The sensitivity of the developed LAMP assay obtained using a pure Leptospira culture was 2 × 104 copies of genomic DNA per reaction (equivalent to 0.1 ng) for a 40-minute reaction time. No cross-reactions were observed in the LAMP reaction against a series of non-leptospiral bacteria, indicating a specific reaction. The applicability of the LAMP assay was demonstrated on human blood and urine specimens collected from suspected leptospirosis patients and rat kidney specimens collected from suspected leptospirosis outbreak areas and high-risk areas. The developed LAMP assay demonstrated a higher detection rate for leptospiral DNA compared with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, possibly due to the presence of inhibitory substances, especially in rat kidney specimens, to which the PCR method is more susceptible. The present findings also highlight the importance of urine sample collection from patients for routine monitoring of the disease. Conclusions In short, the developed LAMP assay can serve as a feasible alternative tool for the diagnosis of leptospirosis and be used for epidemiological and environmental surveillance of the disease, considering its robustness, rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity, as demonstrated in this study. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:19:36Z |
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| id | doaj.art-7f81419e6fca4b21b78d16b9958b512a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:19:36Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-7f81419e6fca4b21b78d16b9958b512a2023-12-02T21:53:43ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592022-03-0110e1285010.7717/peerj.12850A versatile isothermal amplification assay for the detection of leptospires from various sample typesShuhaidah Othman0Pui-Yuei Lee1Jia-Yong Lam2Noraini Philip3Nurul Natasya Azhari4Norliza Bahtiar Affendy5Siti Norbaya Masri6Vasantha Kumari Neela7Farah Shafawati Mohd-Taib8Hui-Yee Chee9Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaBackground Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira that affects both humans and animals worldwide. Early detection of the pathogen in humans is crucial for early intervention and control of the progression of the disease to a severe state. It is also vitally important to be able to detect the presence of the pathogen in carrier animals to control the spread of the disease from the environment. Here we developed a simple and rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay targeting the leptospiral secY gene. Results Several reaction conditions of the LAMP reaction were optimized to ensure efficient amplification of the target DNA. The sensitivity of the developed LAMP assay obtained using a pure Leptospira culture was 2 × 104 copies of genomic DNA per reaction (equivalent to 0.1 ng) for a 40-minute reaction time. No cross-reactions were observed in the LAMP reaction against a series of non-leptospiral bacteria, indicating a specific reaction. The applicability of the LAMP assay was demonstrated on human blood and urine specimens collected from suspected leptospirosis patients and rat kidney specimens collected from suspected leptospirosis outbreak areas and high-risk areas. The developed LAMP assay demonstrated a higher detection rate for leptospiral DNA compared with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, possibly due to the presence of inhibitory substances, especially in rat kidney specimens, to which the PCR method is more susceptible. The present findings also highlight the importance of urine sample collection from patients for routine monitoring of the disease. Conclusions In short, the developed LAMP assay can serve as a feasible alternative tool for the diagnosis of leptospirosis and be used for epidemiological and environmental surveillance of the disease, considering its robustness, rapidity, sensitivity, and specificity, as demonstrated in this study.https://peerj.com/articles/12850.pdfLeptospirosis Loop-mediated isothermal amplification Clinical detection Vector surveillance |
| spellingShingle | Shuhaidah Othman Pui-Yuei Lee Jia-Yong Lam Noraini Philip Nurul Natasya Azhari Norliza Bahtiar Affendy Siti Norbaya Masri Vasantha Kumari Neela Farah Shafawati Mohd-Taib Hui-Yee Chee A versatile isothermal amplification assay for the detection of leptospires from various sample types PeerJ Leptospirosis Loop-mediated isothermal amplification Clinical detection Vector surveillance |
| title | A versatile isothermal amplification assay for the detection of leptospires from various sample types |
| title_full | A versatile isothermal amplification assay for the detection of leptospires from various sample types |
| title_fullStr | A versatile isothermal amplification assay for the detection of leptospires from various sample types |
| title_full_unstemmed | A versatile isothermal amplification assay for the detection of leptospires from various sample types |
| title_short | A versatile isothermal amplification assay for the detection of leptospires from various sample types |
| title_sort | versatile isothermal amplification assay for the detection of leptospires from various sample types |
| topic | Leptospirosis Loop-mediated isothermal amplification Clinical detection Vector surveillance |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/12850.pdf |
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