Assessing the quality of the municipal wastewater used for irrigation in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India
Municipal wastewater has been inevitably rising over time with the growing population, rapid urbanisation, and expanding sewerages. This study was conducted in the Jodhpur district of Western Rajasthan, India, which has a hot semi-arid climate and faces an acute shortage of good-quality water for ir...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IWA Publishing
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Water Supply |
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| Online Access: | http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/23/11/4775 |
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| author | Poonam Poonia Loveena Gaur Sangeeta Parihar Suresh Kumar Pachak |
| author_facet | Poonam Poonia Loveena Gaur Sangeeta Parihar Suresh Kumar Pachak |
| author_sort | Poonam Poonia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Municipal wastewater has been inevitably rising over time with the growing population, rapid urbanisation, and expanding sewerages. This study was conducted in the Jodhpur district of Western Rajasthan, India, which has a hot semi-arid climate and faces an acute shortage of good-quality water for irrigation. As a result, municipal wastewater is being used in agricultural fields in urban and peri-urban areas of Jodhpur. This study evaluates the suitability of municipal wastewater for irrigation in agriculture. Samples were collected from the Basni Bedan drainage area during December, 2022 and were analysed for various physico-chemical and biological parameters. The SAR value and EC were observed as 13 + 0.20 Meq/L and 1352.5 + 20.11 μS cm−1. BOD, DO, and COD values were obtained 56 + 2.57, 365 + 7.64, and 3.55 + 0.13 mg/L, respectively, which were above the Indian Standard permissible levels. High levels of total coliform counts, 177.5 + 4.86 MPN/100mL, were found. Statistical analysis reveals a positive correlation for pairs chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (R=0.98) and a negative correlation for pairs BOD and dissolved oxygen (DO) (R=0.99). It was concluded that the studied wastewater is polluted and may cause potential health risks. There is a need for proper planning and strategies to develop an economical viable treatment system for sustainable agricultural management.
HIGHLIGHTS
Untreated municipal wastewater is often used for irrigation.;
Assessment of wastewater reveals a higher value of parameters.;
Impacts of wastewater parameters in reference to agriculture are discussed.;
Correlation and regression tool displays a good to moderate correlation; and a linear relation between BOD, COD, DO, and pH.;
Rapid monitoring is needed with efficient treatment technology to ensure safe irrigation.; |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:58:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f836b0f15624dc6a605d67b3b75833a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1606-9749 1607-0798 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:58:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | IWA Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water Supply |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f836b0f15624dc6a605d67b3b75833a2023-12-02T12:34:46ZengIWA PublishingWater Supply1606-97491607-07982023-11-0123114775479010.2166/ws.2023.285285Assessing the quality of the municipal wastewater used for irrigation in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, IndiaPoonam Poonia0Loveena Gaur1Sangeeta Parihar2Suresh Kumar Pachak3 Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342011, India Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342011, India Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342011, India Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Jai Narain Vyas University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan 342011, India Municipal wastewater has been inevitably rising over time with the growing population, rapid urbanisation, and expanding sewerages. This study was conducted in the Jodhpur district of Western Rajasthan, India, which has a hot semi-arid climate and faces an acute shortage of good-quality water for irrigation. As a result, municipal wastewater is being used in agricultural fields in urban and peri-urban areas of Jodhpur. This study evaluates the suitability of municipal wastewater for irrigation in agriculture. Samples were collected from the Basni Bedan drainage area during December, 2022 and were analysed for various physico-chemical and biological parameters. The SAR value and EC were observed as 13 + 0.20 Meq/L and 1352.5 + 20.11 μS cm−1. BOD, DO, and COD values were obtained 56 + 2.57, 365 + 7.64, and 3.55 + 0.13 mg/L, respectively, which were above the Indian Standard permissible levels. High levels of total coliform counts, 177.5 + 4.86 MPN/100mL, were found. Statistical analysis reveals a positive correlation for pairs chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (R=0.98) and a negative correlation for pairs BOD and dissolved oxygen (DO) (R=0.99). It was concluded that the studied wastewater is polluted and may cause potential health risks. There is a need for proper planning and strategies to develop an economical viable treatment system for sustainable agricultural management. HIGHLIGHTS Untreated municipal wastewater is often used for irrigation.; Assessment of wastewater reveals a higher value of parameters.; Impacts of wastewater parameters in reference to agriculture are discussed.; Correlation and regression tool displays a good to moderate correlation; and a linear relation between BOD, COD, DO, and pH.; Rapid monitoring is needed with efficient treatment technology to ensure safe irrigation.;http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/23/11/4775agriculturecorrelationirrigationmunicipal wastewaterregression |
| spellingShingle | Poonam Poonia Loveena Gaur Sangeeta Parihar Suresh Kumar Pachak Assessing the quality of the municipal wastewater used for irrigation in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India Water Supply agriculture correlation irrigation municipal wastewater regression |
| title | Assessing the quality of the municipal wastewater used for irrigation in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India |
| title_full | Assessing the quality of the municipal wastewater used for irrigation in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the quality of the municipal wastewater used for irrigation in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the quality of the municipal wastewater used for irrigation in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India |
| title_short | Assessing the quality of the municipal wastewater used for irrigation in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India |
| title_sort | assessing the quality of the municipal wastewater used for irrigation in jodhpur rajasthan india |
| topic | agriculture correlation irrigation municipal wastewater regression |
| url | http://ws.iwaponline.com/content/23/11/4775 |
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