Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide major health problem. Traditional risk factors for CKD are hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have identified gut dysbiosis as a novel risk factor for the progression CKD and its complications. Dysbiosis can worsen systemic inflam...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/7/1/21 |
| _version_ | 1818941201426939904 |
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| author | Nima H. Jazani Javad Savoj Michael Lustgarten Wei Ling Lau Nosratola D. Vaziri |
| author_facet | Nima H. Jazani Javad Savoj Michael Lustgarten Wei Ling Lau Nosratola D. Vaziri |
| author_sort | Nima H. Jazani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide major health problem. Traditional risk factors for CKD are hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have identified gut dysbiosis as a novel risk factor for the progression CKD and its complications. Dysbiosis can worsen systemic inflammation, which plays an important role in the progression of CKD and its complications such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effects of the normal gut microbiota, and then elaborate on how alterations in the biochemical environment of the gastrointestinal tract in CKD can affect gut microbiota. External factors such as dietary restrictions, medications, and dialysis further promote dysbiosis. We discuss the impact of an altered gut microbiota on neuroendocrine pathways such as the hypothalamus⁻pituitary⁻adrenal axis, the production of neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, tryptophan metabolism, and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Finally, therapeutic strategies including diet modification, intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics are reviewed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T06:51:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f8c3d07713b4a7eb86599dad46d79c7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9721 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T06:51:46Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f8c3d07713b4a7eb86599dad46d79c72022-12-21T19:49:32ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212019-02-01712110.3390/diseases7010021diseases7010021Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney DiseaseNima H. Jazani0Javad Savoj1Michael Lustgarten2Wei Ling Lau3Nosratola D. Vaziri4Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USADepartment of Internal Medicine, Riverside Community Hospital, University of California-Riverside School of Medicine, Riverside, CA 92501, USAJean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USADivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USADivision of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USAChronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide major health problem. Traditional risk factors for CKD are hypertension, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Recent studies have identified gut dysbiosis as a novel risk factor for the progression CKD and its complications. Dysbiosis can worsen systemic inflammation, which plays an important role in the progression of CKD and its complications such as cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we discuss the beneficial effects of the normal gut microbiota, and then elaborate on how alterations in the biochemical environment of the gastrointestinal tract in CKD can affect gut microbiota. External factors such as dietary restrictions, medications, and dialysis further promote dysbiosis. We discuss the impact of an altered gut microbiota on neuroendocrine pathways such as the hypothalamus⁻pituitary⁻adrenal axis, the production of neurotransmitters and neuroactive compounds, tryptophan metabolism, and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway. Finally, therapeutic strategies including diet modification, intestinal alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics are reviewed.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/7/1/21chronic kidney diseasedysbiosisgut microbiotainflammation oxidative stressprebioticsprobioticssynbiotics |
| spellingShingle | Nima H. Jazani Javad Savoj Michael Lustgarten Wei Ling Lau Nosratola D. Vaziri Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease Diseases chronic kidney disease dysbiosis gut microbiota inflammation oxidative stress prebiotics probiotics synbiotics |
| title | Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_full | Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_short | Impact of Gut Dysbiosis on Neurohormonal Pathways in Chronic Kidney Disease |
| title_sort | impact of gut dysbiosis on neurohormonal pathways in chronic kidney disease |
| topic | chronic kidney disease dysbiosis gut microbiota inflammation oxidative stress prebiotics probiotics synbiotics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/7/1/21 |
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