Toxicity Analysis of Nano-Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining—A Review
The lubrication properties of nanoparticles are of great interest to the manufacturing industry and led to the development of the nano-minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) cooling strategy. To evaluate the sustainability characteristics of nano-minimum quantity lubrication, apart from analyzing the b...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Lubricants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/10/8/176 |
| _version_ | 1797409261065601024 |
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| author | Ibrahim Nouzil Abdelkrem Eltaggaz Salman Pervaiz Ibrahim Deiab |
| author_facet | Ibrahim Nouzil Abdelkrem Eltaggaz Salman Pervaiz Ibrahim Deiab |
| author_sort | Ibrahim Nouzil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The lubrication properties of nanoparticles are of great interest to the manufacturing industry and led to the development of the nano-minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) cooling strategy. To evaluate the sustainability characteristics of nano-minimum quantity lubrication, apart from analyzing the benefits of increasing machining efficiency, it is also essential to evaluate the potential detrimental effects of nanoparticles on human health and the environment. Existing literature provides substantial data on the benefits of nano-minimum quantity lubrication machining. However, the current literature does not provide researchers in the machining sector a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity of the nanoparticles used in nano-minimum quantity lubrication. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review that addresses the toxicity levels of the most frequently used nanoparticles in NMQL machining. To understand the impacts of nanoparticles on the human body and the environment, in vitro studies that evaluate the nanoparticles’ toxicity on human cells and in vitro/in vivo studies on other living organisms are considered. The results from toxicity studies on each of the chosen nanoparticles are summarized and presented in chronological order. The reviewed studies indicate transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS<sub>2</sub> and WS<sub>2</sub>) exhibit very low toxicity when compared to other nanoparticles. The toxicity of hBN and AL<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles varies depending on their lengths and crystalline structures, respectively. In conclusion, a chart that maps the toxicity levels of nanoparticles on seven different human cell lines (human lung epithelial cells (A549), human bronchial epithelial cells (Nl-20), AGS human gastric cells, human epidermal cells (HEK), human liver-derived cells (HepG2), human endothelial cells and human peripheral cells), representing exposures by inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact, was developed for easy and quick insights. This is the first attempt in open literature to combine the results of the experimental investigations of nano-minimum quantity lubrication cooling and the toxicity studies of nanoparticles, allowing researchers to make informed decisions in the selection of the most sustainable nanoparticles in the nano-minimum quantity lubrication machining process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:11:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f8ed19a86ee41909d2d14772abb1f13 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4442 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:11:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Lubricants |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f8ed19a86ee41909d2d14772abb1f132023-12-03T13:59:14ZengMDPI AGLubricants2075-44422022-08-0110817610.3390/lubricants10080176Toxicity Analysis of Nano-Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining—A ReviewIbrahim Nouzil0Abdelkrem Eltaggaz1Salman Pervaiz2Ibrahim Deiab3School of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaSchool of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Rochester Institute of Technology, Dubai P.O. Box 341055, United Arab EmiratesSchool of Engineering, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaThe lubrication properties of nanoparticles are of great interest to the manufacturing industry and led to the development of the nano-minimum quantity lubrication (NMQL) cooling strategy. To evaluate the sustainability characteristics of nano-minimum quantity lubrication, apart from analyzing the benefits of increasing machining efficiency, it is also essential to evaluate the potential detrimental effects of nanoparticles on human health and the environment. Existing literature provides substantial data on the benefits of nano-minimum quantity lubrication machining. However, the current literature does not provide researchers in the machining sector a comprehensive analysis of the toxicity of the nanoparticles used in nano-minimum quantity lubrication. This study aims to provide a comprehensive review that addresses the toxicity levels of the most frequently used nanoparticles in NMQL machining. To understand the impacts of nanoparticles on the human body and the environment, in vitro studies that evaluate the nanoparticles’ toxicity on human cells and in vitro/in vivo studies on other living organisms are considered. The results from toxicity studies on each of the chosen nanoparticles are summarized and presented in chronological order. The reviewed studies indicate transition metal dichalcogenides (MoS<sub>2</sub> and WS<sub>2</sub>) exhibit very low toxicity when compared to other nanoparticles. The toxicity of hBN and AL<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles varies depending on their lengths and crystalline structures, respectively. In conclusion, a chart that maps the toxicity levels of nanoparticles on seven different human cell lines (human lung epithelial cells (A549), human bronchial epithelial cells (Nl-20), AGS human gastric cells, human epidermal cells (HEK), human liver-derived cells (HepG2), human endothelial cells and human peripheral cells), representing exposures by inhalation, ingestion and dermal contact, was developed for easy and quick insights. This is the first attempt in open literature to combine the results of the experimental investigations of nano-minimum quantity lubrication cooling and the toxicity studies of nanoparticles, allowing researchers to make informed decisions in the selection of the most sustainable nanoparticles in the nano-minimum quantity lubrication machining process.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/10/8/176toxicitynano-MQLmachiningsustainabilityminimum quantity lubrication |
| spellingShingle | Ibrahim Nouzil Abdelkrem Eltaggaz Salman Pervaiz Ibrahim Deiab Toxicity Analysis of Nano-Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining—A Review Lubricants toxicity nano-MQL machining sustainability minimum quantity lubrication |
| title | Toxicity Analysis of Nano-Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining—A Review |
| title_full | Toxicity Analysis of Nano-Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining—A Review |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity Analysis of Nano-Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining—A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity Analysis of Nano-Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining—A Review |
| title_short | Toxicity Analysis of Nano-Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining—A Review |
| title_sort | toxicity analysis of nano minimum quantity lubrication machining a review |
| topic | toxicity nano-MQL machining sustainability minimum quantity lubrication |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/10/8/176 |
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