Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate the Impact of Changing the Boundary Water Levels on Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers
Experimental and numerical models can be used to investigate saltwater intrusion (SWI) in coastal aquifers. Sea level rise (SLR) and decline of freshwater heads due to climate change are the two key variables that may affect saltwater intrusion. This study aims to give a better understanding of the...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/631 |
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| author | Hany F. Abd-Elhamid Gamal M. Abdel-Aal Maha Fahmy Mohsen Sherif Martina Zeleňáková Ismail Abd-Elaty |
| author_facet | Hany F. Abd-Elhamid Gamal M. Abdel-Aal Maha Fahmy Mohsen Sherif Martina Zeleňáková Ismail Abd-Elaty |
| author_sort | Hany F. Abd-Elhamid |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Experimental and numerical models can be used to investigate saltwater intrusion (SWI) in coastal aquifers. Sea level rise (SLR) and decline of freshwater heads due to climate change are the two key variables that may affect saltwater intrusion. This study aims to give a better understanding of the impact of increasing seawater levels and decreasing freshwater heads due to climate change and increasing abstraction rates due to overpopulation using experimental and numerical models on SWI. The experimental model was conducted using a flow tank and the SEAWAT code was used for the numerical simulation. Different scenarios were examined to assess the effect of seawater rise and landside groundwater level decline. The experimental and numerical studies were conducted on three scenarios: increasing seawater head by 25%, 50% and 75% from the difference between seawater and freshwater heads, decreasing freshwater head by 75%, 50% and 25% from the difference between seawater and freshwater heads, and a combination of these two scenarios. Good agreement was attained between experimental and numerical results. The results showed that increasing the seawater level and decreasing freshwater head increased saltwater intrusion, but the combination of these two scenarios had a severe effect on saltwater intrusion. The numerical model was then applied to a real case study, the Biscayne aquifer, Florida, USA. The results indicated that the Biscayne aquifer is highly vulnerable to SWI under the possible consequences of climate change. A 25 cm seawater rise and 28% reduction in the freshwater flux would cause a loss of 0.833 million m<sup>3</sup> of freshwater storage per each kilometer width of the Biscayne aquifer. This study provides a better understanding and a quantitative assessment for the impacts of changing water levels’ boundaries on intrusion of seawater in coastal aquifers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:50:43Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:50:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f9482d6b0da4fe082a6c8d4770c53472023-11-23T22:34:58ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-02-0114463110.3390/w14040631Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate the Impact of Changing the Boundary Water Levels on Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal AquifersHany F. Abd-Elhamid0Gamal M. Abdel-Aal1Maha Fahmy2Mohsen Sherif3Martina Zeleňáková4Ismail Abd-Elaty5Water and Water Structures Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptWater and Water Structures Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptWater and Water Structures Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptCivil and Environmental Engineering Department, College of Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab EmiratesDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Kosice, 040 01 Košice, SlovakiaWater and Water Structures Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, EgyptExperimental and numerical models can be used to investigate saltwater intrusion (SWI) in coastal aquifers. Sea level rise (SLR) and decline of freshwater heads due to climate change are the two key variables that may affect saltwater intrusion. This study aims to give a better understanding of the impact of increasing seawater levels and decreasing freshwater heads due to climate change and increasing abstraction rates due to overpopulation using experimental and numerical models on SWI. The experimental model was conducted using a flow tank and the SEAWAT code was used for the numerical simulation. Different scenarios were examined to assess the effect of seawater rise and landside groundwater level decline. The experimental and numerical studies were conducted on three scenarios: increasing seawater head by 25%, 50% and 75% from the difference between seawater and freshwater heads, decreasing freshwater head by 75%, 50% and 25% from the difference between seawater and freshwater heads, and a combination of these two scenarios. Good agreement was attained between experimental and numerical results. The results showed that increasing the seawater level and decreasing freshwater head increased saltwater intrusion, but the combination of these two scenarios had a severe effect on saltwater intrusion. The numerical model was then applied to a real case study, the Biscayne aquifer, Florida, USA. The results indicated that the Biscayne aquifer is highly vulnerable to SWI under the possible consequences of climate change. A 25 cm seawater rise and 28% reduction in the freshwater flux would cause a loss of 0.833 million m<sup>3</sup> of freshwater storage per each kilometer width of the Biscayne aquifer. This study provides a better understanding and a quantitative assessment for the impacts of changing water levels’ boundaries on intrusion of seawater in coastal aquifers.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/631seawater intrusionsea level riseexperimental modelnumerical modelBiscayne aquifer |
| spellingShingle | Hany F. Abd-Elhamid Gamal M. Abdel-Aal Maha Fahmy Mohsen Sherif Martina Zeleňáková Ismail Abd-Elaty Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate the Impact of Changing the Boundary Water Levels on Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers Water seawater intrusion sea level rise experimental model numerical model Biscayne aquifer |
| title | Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate the Impact of Changing the Boundary Water Levels on Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers |
| title_full | Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate the Impact of Changing the Boundary Water Levels on Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers |
| title_fullStr | Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate the Impact of Changing the Boundary Water Levels on Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate the Impact of Changing the Boundary Water Levels on Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers |
| title_short | Experimental and Numerical Study to Investigate the Impact of Changing the Boundary Water Levels on Saltwater Intrusion in Coastal Aquifers |
| title_sort | experimental and numerical study to investigate the impact of changing the boundary water levels on saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers |
| topic | seawater intrusion sea level rise experimental model numerical model Biscayne aquifer |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/631 |
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