Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks
There is currently no agreement on which factor modulates most effectively and enduringly brain plasticity in bilingual individuals. Grouping heterogeneous linguistic profiles under a dichotomous condition (bilingualism versus monolingualism) may obscure critical aspects of language experience under...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2020-01-01
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| Series: | NeuroImage |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811919308973 |
| _version_ | 1818291906301394944 |
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| author | Simone Sulpizio Nicola Del Maschio Gianpaolo Del Mauro Davide Fedeli Jubin Abutalebi |
| author_facet | Simone Sulpizio Nicola Del Maschio Gianpaolo Del Mauro Davide Fedeli Jubin Abutalebi |
| author_sort | Simone Sulpizio |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is currently no agreement on which factor modulates most effectively and enduringly brain plasticity in bilingual individuals. Grouping heterogeneous linguistic profiles under a dichotomous condition (bilingualism versus monolingualism) may obscure critical aspects of language experience underlying neural changes, thus leading to variable and often conflicting findings. In the present study, we overcome these limitations by analyzing the individual and joint contribution of L2 AoA, proficiency and usage – all measured as continuous variables – on the resting-state functional connectivity of the brain networks mediating the specific demands of bilingual language processing: the language network and the executive control network. Our results indicate that bilingual experience – defined as a continuous and multifaceted phenomenon – impacts brain plasticity by modulating the functional connectivity both within and between language and control networks. Each experience-related factor considered played a role in changing the connectivity of these regions. Moreover, the effect of AoA was modulated by proficiency and usage. These findings shed new light on the importance of modeling bilingualism as a gradient measure rather than an all-or-none phenomenon. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T02:51:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-7f9748337ae8499ea149bb2ccfd606bc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1095-9572 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T02:51:30Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | NeuroImage |
| spelling | doaj.art-7f9748337ae8499ea149bb2ccfd606bc2022-12-22T00:02:03ZengElsevierNeuroImage1095-95722020-01-01205116306Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networksSimone Sulpizio0Nicola Del Maschio1Gianpaolo Del Mauro2Davide Fedeli3Jubin Abutalebi4Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy; Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, ItalyCentre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, ItalyCentre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, ItalyCentre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, ItalyCentre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Italy; Faculty of Psychology, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and Scientific Institute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy; The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia; Corresponding author. Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina, 58 – 20132 Milan, Italy.There is currently no agreement on which factor modulates most effectively and enduringly brain plasticity in bilingual individuals. Grouping heterogeneous linguistic profiles under a dichotomous condition (bilingualism versus monolingualism) may obscure critical aspects of language experience underlying neural changes, thus leading to variable and often conflicting findings. In the present study, we overcome these limitations by analyzing the individual and joint contribution of L2 AoA, proficiency and usage – all measured as continuous variables – on the resting-state functional connectivity of the brain networks mediating the specific demands of bilingual language processing: the language network and the executive control network. Our results indicate that bilingual experience – defined as a continuous and multifaceted phenomenon – impacts brain plasticity by modulating the functional connectivity both within and between language and control networks. Each experience-related factor considered played a role in changing the connectivity of these regions. Moreover, the effect of AoA was modulated by proficiency and usage. These findings shed new light on the importance of modeling bilingualism as a gradient measure rather than an all-or-none phenomenon.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811919308973BilingualismLanguage experienceResting-state connectivityNeuroplasticity |
| spellingShingle | Simone Sulpizio Nicola Del Maschio Gianpaolo Del Mauro Davide Fedeli Jubin Abutalebi Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks NeuroImage Bilingualism Language experience Resting-state connectivity Neuroplasticity |
| title | Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks |
| title_full | Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks |
| title_fullStr | Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks |
| title_short | Bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks |
| title_sort | bilingualism as a gradient measure modulates functional connectivity of language and control networks |
| topic | Bilingualism Language experience Resting-state connectivity Neuroplasticity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811919308973 |
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